BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-55786High confidence

Flyto2 Core: Unauthenticated Command Execution via HTTP MCP `execute_module`

flytohub · flyto-core

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-H9F9-H6GM-WC85 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

8.4HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.26% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs flytohub flyto-core and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges2 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
PyPIflyto-coreECOSYSTEM: introduced 2.26.2; fixed 2.26.42.26.4OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 14 Oct 2026
pipflyto-core>= 2.26.2, < 2.26.42.26.4GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 14 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-101589

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the require_auth dependency used by the REST execution routes. An unauthenticated caller can select sandbox.execute_shell and supply its command parameter, which reaches asyncio.create_subprocess_shell with the privileges of the flyto-core server process. The endpoint is reachable locally under the default loopback binding and becomes network reachable when an operator binds the server to a non-loopback interface, allowing arbitrary OS command execution and potential full host compromise. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.4.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
8.4 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the require_auth dependency used by the REST execution routes. An unauthenticated caller can select sandbox.execute_shell and supply its command parameter, which reaches asyncio.create_subprocess_shell with the privileges of the flyto-core server process. The endpoint is reachable locally under the default loopback binding and becomes network reachable when an operator binds the server to a non-loopback interface, allowing arbitrary OS command execution and potential full host compromise. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.4.

What

Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the require_auth dependency used by the REST execution routes. An unauthenticated caller can select sandbox.execute_shell and supply its command parameter, which reaches asyncio.create_subprocess_shell with the privileges of the flyto-core server process. The endpoint is reachable locally under the default loopback binding and becomes network reachable when an operator binds the server to a non-loopback interface, allowing arbitrary OS command execution and potential full host compromise. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.4.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the require_auth dependency used by the REST execution routes. An unauthenticated caller can select sandbox.execute_shell and supply its command parameter, which reaches asyncio.create_subprocess_shell with the privileges of the flyto-core server process. The endpoint is reachable locally under the default loopback binding and becomes network reachable when an operator binds the server to a non-loopback interface, allowing arbitrary OS command execution and potential full host compromise. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.4.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-78 ↗

CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'). The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
UnauthenticatedCWE-78
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-101589Official EUVD mapping

Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the require_auth dependency used by the REST execution routes. An unauthenticated caller can select sandbox.execute_shell and supply its command parameter, which reaches asyncio.create_subprocess_shell with the privileges of the flyto-core server process. The endpoint is reachable locally under the default loopback binding and becomes network reachable when an operator binds the server to a non-loopback interface, allowing arbitrary OS command execution and potential full host compromise. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.4.

Official EUVD record ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
flyto-core: 2.26.2, < 2.26.4
Fixed
2.26.4.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Oct 2026 · Last source change 14 Oct 2026, 18:14 UTC · CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-10-15
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-101589
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. BlackTree coverageBlackTree article coverage changed from 1 BlackTree article to 1 BlackTree article.
    Before
    1 BlackTree article
    After
    1 BlackTree article
    BlackTree editorial ↗
  2. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2026-101589 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2026-101589"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  3. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-101589↗CVE authority or vendor reference · GitHub GHSA-H9F9-H6GM-WC85↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-55786 · cve.blacktree.nl