BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-48598High confidence

CRLF injection in Tesla.Multipart disposition parameters allows multipart part header injection

elixir-tesla · tesla

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-28JH-G32X-V9V4 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

2.1LowCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityLowOperational priority:Low, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • EPSS is 0.34% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs elixir-tesla tesla and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: No default targetRemediation target: Normal maintenance

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges1 source-attributed range

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
erlangtesla>= 0.8.0, < 1.18.31.18.3GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 10 Jul 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-34012

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows multipart part header injection via unescaped Content-Disposition parameter values. Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 interpolates each disposition parameter as #{k}="#{v}" with no validation of CR (\r), LF (\n), or double-quote characters. The values come verbatim from the caller via Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 (the name parameter), Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3, and Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 (both the filename parameter and other disposition opts). A " in the value closes the quoted parameter early; a \r\n ends the Content-Disposition header line and starts a new part header (such as a forged Content-Type), or, after a second \r\n, ends the entire part header block and prepends bytes to the part body. The default-filename path in add_file/3 derives the filename via Path.basename/1, which does not strip CR or LF, so any application forwarding a partially-attacker-controlled file path inherits the same issue. This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
2.1 · CVSS 4.0
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows multipart part header injection via unescaped Content-Disposition parameter values. Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 interpolates each disposition parameter as #{k}="#{v}" with no validation of CR (\r), LF (\n), or double-quote characters. The values come verbatim from the caller via Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 (the name parameter), Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3, and Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 (both the filename parameter and other disposition opts). A " in the value closes the quoted parameter early; a \r\n ends the Content-Disposition header line and starts a new part header (such as a forged Content-Type), or, after a second \r\n, ends the entire part header block and prepends bytes to the part body. The default-filename path in add_file/3 derives the filename via Path.basename/1, which does not strip CR or LF, so any application forwarding a partially-attacker-controlled file path inherits the same issue. This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.

What

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows multipart part header injection via unescaped Content-Disposition parameter values. Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 interpolates each disposition parameter as #{k}="#{v}" with no validation of CR (\r), LF (\n), or double-quote characters. The values come verbatim from the caller via Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 (the name parameter), Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3, and Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 (both the filename parameter and other disposition opts). A " in the value closes the quoted parameter early; a \r\n ends the Content-Disposition header line and starts a new part header (such as a forged Content-Type), or, after a second \r\n, ends the entire part header block and prepends bytes to the part body. The default-filename path in add_file/3 derives the filename via Path.basename/1, which does not strip CR or LF, so any application forwarding a partially-attacker-controlled file path inherits the same issue. This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.

Why

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows multipart part header injection via unescaped Content-Disposition parameter values. Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 interpolates each disposition parameter as #{k}="#{v}" with no validation of CR (\r), LF (\n), or double-quote characters. The values come verbatim from the caller via Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 (the name parameter), Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3, and Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 (both the filename parameter and other disposition opts). A " in the value closes the quoted parameter early; a \r\n ends the Content-Disposition header line and starts a new part header (such as a forged Content-Type), or, after a second \r\n, ends the entire part header block and prepends bytes to the part body. The default-filename path in add_file/3 derives the filename via Path.basename/1, which does not strip CR or LF, so any application forwarding a partially-attacker-controlled file path inherits the same issue. This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.

Why

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

CISA Vulnrichment records proof-of-concept exploitation in its SSVC data. BlackTree has not independently executed or validated exploit material.

Likely attack path
local access → Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-116 ↗

CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output. The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATPresentAttack requirements: A particular deployment or execution condition must be present.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VANoneVulnerable-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SILowSubsequent-system integrity: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
UnauthenticatedCWE-116Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-34012Official EUVD mapping

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows multipart part header injection via unescaped Content-Disposition parameter values. Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 interpolates each disposition parameter as #{k}="#{v}" with no validation of CR (\r), LF (\n), or double-quote characters. The values come verbatim from the caller via Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 (the name parameter), Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3, and Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 (both the filename parameter and other disposition opts). A " in the value closes the quoted parameter early; a \r\n ends the Content-Disposition header line and starts a new part header (such as a forged Content-Type), or, after a second \r\n, ends the entire part header block and prepends bytes to the part body. The default-filename path in add_file/3 derives the filename via Path.basename/1, which does not strip CR or LF, so any application forwarding a partially-attacker-controlled file path inherits the same issue. This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.

Official EUVD record ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-028989Elixir TeslaのTeslaにおけるエンコードおよびエスケープに関する脆弱性

elixir-tesla の tesla には、出力のエンコードまたはエスケープが不適切である脆弱性が存在します。そのため、エスケープされていない Content-Disposition パラメータ値を介してマルチパートのパートヘッダをインジェクションされる可能性があります。Tesla.Multipart.part_headers_for_disposition/1 は disposition パラメータを #{k}=#{v} の形で連結しますが、CR および LF、ならびにダブルクォート文字の検証を行いません。これらの値は呼び出し元から Tesla.Multipart.add_field/4 の name パラメータ、Tesla.Multipart.add_file/3、そして Tesla.Multipart.add_file_content/4 のファイル名パラメータおよびその他の disposition オプションを介してそのまま渡されます。値の中にダブルクォートが含まれると、引用符で囲まれたパラメータが早期に閉じられてしまいます。さらに CRLF は Content-Disposition ヘッダ行の終端と新しいパートヘッダの開始(偽造された Content-Type など)を引き起こします。また、2 回目の CRLF の後にはパートヘッダ全体のブロックが終端され、パート本体の前に任意のバイトが挿入されます。add_file/3 のデフォルトファイル名の取得は Path.basename/1 によってファイル名を導出しますが、CR や LF を除去しないため、攻撃者が部分的に制御するファイルパスを転送する任意のアプリケーションも同様の問題を引き継ぎます。この問題は tesla のバージョン 0.8.0 以上 1.18.3 未満に影響します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Tesla: 0.8.0 < 1.18.3, 6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 < bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
A mitigation or workaround reference is available from the source linked below; validate it against the affected product and version.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 2 Jun 2026 · Last source change 24 Sept 2026, 21:00 UTC · CWE-116 · Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-34012
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    0.8.0 < 1.18.3; 6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 < bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    tesla: 0.8.0 < 1.18.3, 6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 < bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  2. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added mitigation: cna.erlef.org/CVE-2026-48598.html; added patch: github.com/bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e; 2 further additions.
    Before
    no authoritative guidance recorded
    After
    mitigation: cna.erlef.org/CVE-2026-48598.html · patch: github.com/bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · remediation: github.com/bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · 1 more references
    github.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    0.8.0 < 1.18.3; 6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 < bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    0.8.0 < 1.18.3; 6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 < bb1a2c3da2775924d96e3db8e315dcc4d5d2246e · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    github.com ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-48598 · cve.blacktree.nl