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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-45944High confidence

iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

Linux · Linux

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

20 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinuxAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-awsAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azureAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-fdeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-nvidiaAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gcpAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gkeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gkeopAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-ibmAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-lowlatencyAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidiaAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidia-lowlatencyAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidia-tegraAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oem-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oracleAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspiAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspi-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-riscvAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-xilinxAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-32228

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete. Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete. Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete. Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → vulnerable operation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration.
CWE not yet assigned
CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-1700Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen im Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen oder andere nicht näher spezifizierte Auswirkungen zu erzielen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1091Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2026-43451 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43475 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43475 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45860 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45860 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45873 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45873 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45904 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45904 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45905 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45905 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45913 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45915 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45915 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45917 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45917 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45944 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45973 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45973 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46003 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46003 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46015 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46015 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46026 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46026 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46037 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46037 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46038 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46038 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46080 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46080 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46084 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1064Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2026-45917 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45921 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45923 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45923 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45925 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45925 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45928 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45930 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45936 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45936 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45938 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45938 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45941 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45941 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45944 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45946 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45946 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45947 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45950 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45950 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45954 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45954 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45958 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45958 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45963 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45963 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45969 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45969 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45973 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1031Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Debian LTS

on Bulletin de sécurité Debian LTS msg00013 du 07 août 2026 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/08/msg00013.html Bulletin de sécurité Debian LTS msg00014 du 07 août 2026 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/08/msg00014.html Référence CVE CVE-2024-36013 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-36013 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21807 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40196 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40196 Référence CVE CVE-2026-31610 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31610 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43216 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43216 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45944 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46093 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46093 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46135 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46135 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53005 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53005 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53027 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53027 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53226 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53226 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53260 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53260 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53332 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53332 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53365 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0981Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Debian

ument. Risques Atteinte à l'intégrité des données Déni de service Élévation de privilèges Systèmes affectés Debian trixie versions antérieures à 6.12.100-1 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans le noyau Linux de Debian. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une élévation de privilèges, une atteinte à l'intégrité des données et un déni de service. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Debian msg00316 du 31 juillet 2026 https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2026/msg00316.html Référence CVE CVE-2026-45944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45944 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53005 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53005 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53260 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53260 Référence CVE CVE-2026-53365 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53365 Référence CVE CVE-2026-63970 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63970 Référence CVE CVE-2026-64192 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-64192 Référence CVE CVE-2026-64206 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-64206 Référence CVE CVE-2026-64227 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-64227 Référence CVE CVE-2026-64286 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
ba39592764ed20cee09aae5352e603a27bf56b0d < c716a59e9977d751e5eb54bcfa6a80124cb5067b; ba39592764ed20cee09aae5352e603a27bf56b0d < d2138abc8f0a7fce4101b7229b43b06811ed083d; ba39592764ed20cee09aae5352e603a27bf56b0d < a922dbafb4a674d958d702038232d09a30daf770; ba39592764ed20cee09aae5352e603a27bf56b0d < c1e4f1dccbe9d7656d1c6872ebeadb5992d0aaa2; 2.6.24
Fixed
< 2.6.24; 6.12.97 ≤ 6.12.*; 6.18.14 ≤ 6.18.*; 6.19.4 ≤ 6.19.*; 7.0 ≤ *
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 27 May 2026 · Last source change 5 Aug 2026, 12:28 UTC · CWE not yet assigned

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-32228
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: CWE classification. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-45944 · cve.blacktree.nl