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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-44490High confidence

Axios: DoS & Header Injection via Prototype Pollution Read-Side Gadgets in axios merge functions

axios · axios

4.8MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appsnode-axiosUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 8 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-36260

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 0.32.0 and 1.16.0, axios exposes two read-side prototype-pollution gadgets. When Object.prototype is polluted by an upstream dependency in the same process (e.g. lodash _.merge / CVE-2018-16487), axios silently picks up the polluted values. (1) lib/utils.js line 406 builds merge()'s accumulator as result = {}, so result[targetKey] (line 414) walks Object.prototype and the polluted bucket's own keys are copied into the merged headers and ride out on the wire. (2) lib/core/mergeConfig.js line 26 builds the hasOwnProperty descriptor as a plain-object literal. Object.defineProperty reads descriptor.get/descriptor.set via the prototype chain, so a polluted Object.prototype.get or Object.prototype.set makes the call throw TypeError synchronously on every axios request. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.

What

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 0.32.0 and 1.16.0, axios exposes two read-side prototype-pollution gadgets. When Object.prototype is polluted by an upstream dependency in the same process (e.g. lodash _.merge / CVE-2018-16487), axios silently picks up the polluted values. (1) lib/utils.js line 406 builds merge()'s accumulator as result = {}, so result[targetKey] (line 414) walks Object.prototype and the polluted bucket's own keys are copied into the merged headers and ride out on the wire. (2) lib/core/mergeConfig.js line 26 builds the hasOwnProperty descriptor as a plain-object literal. Object.defineProperty reads descriptor.get/descriptor.set via the prototype chain, so a polluted Object.prototype.get or Object.prototype.set makes the call throw TypeError synchronously on every axios request. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.

Why

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 0.32.0 and 1.16.0, axios exposes two read-side prototype-pollution gadgets. When Object.prototype is polluted by an upstream dependency in the same process (e.g. lodash _.merge / CVE-2018-16487), axios silently picks up the polluted values. (1) lib/utils.js line 406 builds merge()'s accumulator as result = {}, so result[targetKey] (line 414) walks Object.prototype and the polluted bucket's own keys are copied into the merged headers and ride out on the wire. (2) lib/core/mergeConfig.js line 26 builds the hasOwnProperty descriptor as a plain-object literal. Object.defineProperty reads descriptor.get/descriptor.set via the prototype chain, so a polluted Object.prototype.get or Object.prototype.set makes the call throw TypeError synchronously on every axios request. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.

Why

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-1321

CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'). The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ALowAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-1321Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-2923Atlassian Produkte (Bamboo, Bitbucket, Confluence, Crucible, Fisheye, und Jira): Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Atlassian Bamboo, Atlassian Bitbucket, Atlassian Confluence, Atlassian Crucible, Atlassian Fisheye und Atlassian Jira ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um Dateien zu manipulieren, um einen Cross-Site Scripting Angriff durchzuführen, um einen SQL-Injection Angriff durchzuführen, und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-2460Atlassian Bamboo, Bitbucket, Confluence, Fisheye, Crucible, Jira und Jira Service Management: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Atlassian Bamboo, Bitbucket, Confluence, Fisheye, Crucible, Jira und Jira Service Management ausnutzen, um beliebigen Code auszuführen, erweiterte Berechtigungen zu erlangen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1094Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2026-44293 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44294 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44294 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44405 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44405 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44417 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44417 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44431 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44431 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44486 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44486 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44488 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44488 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44489 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44489 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44490 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44490 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44492 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44492 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44494 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44494 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44496 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44496 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44618 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44618 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44728 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44728 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44930 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44990 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44990 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45149 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0958Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ord?id=CVE-2026-44024 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44025 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44160 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44161 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44161 Référence CVE CVE-2026-4424 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-4424 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44431 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44431 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44486 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44486 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44488 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44488 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44490 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44490 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44492 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44492 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44494 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44494 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44495 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44495 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44496 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44496 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44930 Référence CVE CVE-2026-4519 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-4519 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45292 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45292 Référence CVE CVE-2026-45505 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0934Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Atlassian

d?id=CVE-2026-42043 Référence CVE CVE-2026-42044 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-42044 Référence CVE CVE-2026-42198 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-42198 Référence CVE CVE-2026-42264 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-42264 Référence CVE CVE-2026-42581 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-42581 Référence CVE CVE-2026-42583 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-42583 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44486 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44486 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44488 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44488 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44490 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44490 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44492 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44492 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44494 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44494 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44495 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44495 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44496 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44496 Référence CVE CVE-2026-44705 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44705 Référence CVE CVE-2026-46625 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46625 Référence CVE CVE-2026-47838 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-47838 Référence CVE CVE-2026-4800 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0325Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Atlassian producten

Axios versions prior to 1.16.0, including 1.15.2 and earlier, are vulnerable to prototype pollution that enables arbitrary HTTP header injection, sensitive data leakage, and denial-of-service crashes due to unsafe merging of object properties.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
>= 1.0.0, < 1.16.0; < 0.32.0
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 11 Jun 2026 · Last source change 11 Jun 2026, 17:23 UTC · CWE-1321 · Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-36260
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-44490 · cve.blacktree.nl