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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-44009High confidence

vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Null Proto Exception

patriksimek · vm2

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-9VG3-4RFJ-WGCM ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.71% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs patriksimek vm2 and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges1 source-attributed range

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
npmvm2< 3.11.23.11.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 14 May 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2026-44009 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityvm2: vm2: Arbitrary Code Execution via Sandbox Escape
1 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • registry.redhat.io/ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal@sha256:a85a548cb563a32be76c6e7e015fd57d340e068e321bf34b060d9eb901c33c4d_amd64 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1
Summary
A flaw was found in vm2 (before 3.11.2). A sandbox escape vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the host system by breaking vm2 isolation. Fixed in 3.11.2.
Remediation
For more about Ansible plugins for Red Hat Developer Hub, see References links
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-30079

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

What

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

Why

The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

Why

The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-668 ↗

CWE-668: Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere. The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-668Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-30079Official EUVD mapping

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

Official EUVD record ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260520Security Bulletin 20 May 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 20 May 2026, published on 20 May 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-016086vm2 projectのvm2における誤った領域へのリソースの漏えいに関する脆弱性

vm2はNode.js向けのオープンソースのVM/サンドボックスです。3.11.2以前のバージョンにおいて、本脆弱性が存在していました。この脆弱性は3.11.2で修正されています。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
vm2: < 3.11.2
Fixed
registry.redhat.io/ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal@sha256:a85a548cb563a32be76c6e7e015fd57d340e068e321bf34b060d9eb901c33c4d_amd64 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1
Action
For more about Ansible plugins for Red Hat Developer Hub, see References links
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 13 May 2026 · Last source change 7 Sept 2026, 12:05 UTC · CWE-668 · Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-30079
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: github.com/GHSA-9vg3-4rfj-wgcm.
    Before
    vendor advisory: github.com/GHSA-9vg3-4rfj-wgcm
    After
    remediation: github.com/GHSA-9vg3-4rfj-wgcm · vendor advisory: github.com/GHSA-9vg3-4rfj-wgcm
    github.com ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 3.11.2 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    vm2: < 3.11.2 · Fixed: RHSA-2026:50850: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1
    CNA ↗
  3. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    github.com ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-30079↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference · GitHub GHSA-9VG3-4RFJ-WGCM↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-44009 · cve.blacktree.nl