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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-28995High confidence

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions

Apple · iOS and iPadOS

8.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-29288

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. A malicious app may be able to break out of its sandbox.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
8.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. A malicious app may be able to break out of its sandbox.

What

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. A malicious app may be able to break out of its sandbox.

Why

The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. A malicious app may be able to break out of its sandbox.

Why

The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Improper Privilege Management → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-269 ↗

CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management. The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-269
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-29288Official EUVD mapping

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. A malicious app may be able to break out of its sandbox.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-1463Apple macOS Sonoma, macOS Sequoia und macOS Tahoe: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS Sonoma, macOS Sequoia und macOS Tahoe ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-1459Apple iOS und iPadOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS und Apple iPadOS ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0563Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

d?id=CVE-2026-28985 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28986 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28986 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28987 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28987 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28988 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28990 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28990 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28991 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28991 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28992 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28992 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28993 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28993 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28994 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28994 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28995 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28995 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28996 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28996 Référence CVE CVE-2026-39869 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-39869 Référence CVE CVE-2026-39870 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-39870 Référence CVE CVE-2026-39871 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-39871 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43652 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43652 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43653 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43653 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43654 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43654 Référence CVE CVE-2026-43655 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0139Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple MacOS

A logic issue was resolved by implementing enhanced restrictions across multiple Apple OS versions to prevent malicious applications from escaping their sandbox environments.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0138Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS

A logic issue was resolved by implementing enhanced restrictions across multiple Apple OS versions to prevent malicious applications from escaping their sandbox environments.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
iOS and iPadOS: < 18.7.9, < 26.5; macOS: < 14.8.4, < 15.7.4, < 26.5; tvOS: < 26.5; visionOS: < 26.5; watchOS: < 26.5
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 11 May 2026 · Last source change 21 Aug 2026, 00:39 UTC · CWE-269 · Improper Privilege Management

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-29288
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 18.7.9; < 26.5 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    < 18.7.9; < 26.5; < 14.8.4; < 15.7.4 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-29288↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-28995 · cve.blacktree.nl