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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-28849High confidence

A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks

Apple · macOS

5.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Fix not verified
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-49436

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
5.5 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

What

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

Why

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

Why

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Authentication Bypass by Spoofing → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-290 ↗

CWE-290: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing. This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
UnauthenticatedCWE-290
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-49436Official EUVD mapping

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-2543Apple macOS (Tahoe, Sonoma und Sequoia): Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS Tahoe, Sonoma und Sequoia ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um Dateien zu manipulieren, und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0938Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

tps://support.apple.com/en-us/128069 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 128070 du 27 juillet 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/128070 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 128071 du 27 juillet 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/128071 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 128072 du 27 juillet 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/128072 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 128073 du 27 juillet 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/128073 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43325 Référence CVE CVE-2026-20672 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-20672 Référence CVE CVE-2026-23918 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23918 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28849 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28849 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28896 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28896 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28900 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28900 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28911 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28912 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28912 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28914 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28914 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28926 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28926 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28928 Référence CVE CVE-2026-28931 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0267Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple MacOS

A vulnerability allowing maliciously crafted ZIP archives to bypass Gatekeeper checks was fixed with improved validation in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8 and macOS Sonoma 14.8.8.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
< 14.8.8; < 15.7.8; < 26.5
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 27 Jul 2026 · Last source change 25 Aug 2026, 19:24 UTC · CWE-290 · Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-49436
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 14.8.8; < 15.7.8 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    < 14.8.8; < 15.7.8; < 26.5 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-49436↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-28849 · cve.blacktree.nl