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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-23874High confidence

ImageMagick's MSL: Stack overflow via infinite recursion in ProcessMSLScript

ImageMagick · ImageMagick

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-9VJ4-WC7R-P844 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

5.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.18% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs ImageMagick ImageMagick and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourceimagemagickVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8:7.1.1.43+dfsg1-1+deb13u5Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourceimagemagickVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.6+deb12u6Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourceimagemagickVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8:7.1.2.13+dfsg1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourceimagemagickVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8:7.1.2.13+dfsg1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appsimagemagickUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges36 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-AnyCPUECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPUECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q16-x86ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-AnyCPUECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-arm64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-x64ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
NuGetMagick.NET-Q8-x86ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 14.10.214.10.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPU< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q16-x86< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-arm64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-x64< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
nugetMagick.NET-Q8-x86< 14.10.214.10.2GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 21 Jan 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-3588

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Versions prior to 7.1.2-13 have a stack overflow via infinite recursion in MSL (Magick Scripting Language) `<write>` command when writing to MSL format. Version 7.1.2-13 fixes the issue.

What

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Versions prior to 7.1.2-13 have a stack overflow via infinite recursion in MSL (Magick Scripting Language) `<write>` command when writing to MSL format. Version 7.1.2-13 fixes the issue.

Why

A malformed condition prevents a loop from making progress or terminating, allowing resource exhaustion.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Versions prior to 7.1.2-13 have a stack overflow via infinite recursion in MSL (Magick Scripting Language) `<write>` command when writing to MSL format. Version 7.1.2-13 fixes the issue.

Why

A malformed condition prevents a loop from making progress or terminating, allowing resource exhaustion.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-835 ↗

CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop'). The product contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-835Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0148ImageMagick: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in ImageMagick ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, beliebigen Code auszuführen oder Daten zu manipulieren.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260121Security Bulletin 21 Jan 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 21 Jan 2026, published on 21 January 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-002346ImageMagickにおける無限ループに関する脆弱性

ImageMagickはデジタル画像の編集および操作に使用される無料かつオープンソースのソフトウェアです。7.1.2-13より前のバージョンには、MSL（Magick Scripting Language）の`write`コマンドでMSL形式に書き込む際に無限再帰によるスタックオーバーフローが発生する脆弱性が存在していました。この問題はバージョン7.1.2-13で修正されています。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
ImageMagick: < 7.1.2-13
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 20 Jan 2026 · Last source change 20 Jan 2026, 21:43 UTC · CWE-835 · Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-3588
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-3588↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference · GitHub GHSA-9VJ4-WC7R-P844↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-23874 · cve.blacktree.nl