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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-13728High confidence

WatchGuard Firebox Hardcoded Fallback Encryption Key in Access Portal Resource Credential Database

WatchGuard · Fireware OS

5.9MediumCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.23% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs WatchGuard Fireware OS and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-41458

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
5.9 · CVSS 4.0
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.

What

In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.

Why

A credential embedded in the product can be recovered or reused across installations instead of being unique to one deployment.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.

Why

A credential embedded in the product can be recovered or reused across installations instead of being unique to one deployment.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Use of Hard-coded Credentials → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-798 ↗

CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials. The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATPresentAttack requirements: A particular deployment or execution condition must be present.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCHighVulnerable-system confidentiality: A successful attack can cause a major loss.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VANoneVulnerable-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SCLowSubsequent-system confidentiality: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
Stolen credentials, tokens and legitimate administration functions may provide continued access without deploying a large custom toolset.
NetworkCWE-798
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-41458Official EUVD mapping

In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-2193WatchGuard Firebox: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in WatchGuard Firebox ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial of Service zu verursachen, Daten zu manipulieren oder offenzulegen, sowie um Cross Site Scripting Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260708Security Bulletin 8 July 2026 [PDF, 1MB]]

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 8 July 2026 [PDF, 1MB]], published on 8 July 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-023503ウォッチガード・テクノロジーのWatchGuard Firewareにおけるハードコードされた認証情報の使用に関する脆弱性

特別な状況下で、FireCluster上のWatchGuard Fireware OSは、Access Portalリソースの保存された認証情報を暗号化するためにハードコードされた暗号鍵を使用する可能性があります。この脆弱性はFireware OS 12.1から12.12までおよび2025.1から2026.2までに影響を与えます。この脆弱性は、Access Portal機能をサポートしないデバイスや、FireClusterに展開されていないスタンドアロンのFireboxには影響を与えません。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fireware OS: 2025.1 < 2026.2.1, 12.0 < 12.12.1, 12.0 < 12.11.9
Fixed
Fireware OS 2026.2.1, Fireware OS 12.12.1, Fireware OS 12.11.9
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 2 Jul 2026 · Last source change 27 Aug 2026, 22:58 UTC · CWE-798 · Use of Hard-coded Credentials

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-41458
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    2025.1 < 2026.2.1; 12.0 < 12.12.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    2025.1 < 2026.2.1; 12.0 < 12.12.1; 12.0 < 12.11.9 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-41458↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-13728 · cve.blacktree.nl