BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2026-114051High confidence

vLLM before 0.31.0 Denial of Service via min_tokens in /inference/v1/generate

vllm-project · vllm

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-4XQP-C3MV-QFF7 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

7.1HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 26 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.38% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs vllm-project vllm and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 26 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2026-114051 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityvllm: vllm: Denial of Service via improper token parameter validation
26 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaii/vllm-tpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
Summary
A flaw was found in vllm. A remote attacker can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending a specially crafted inference request containing an oversized minimum token parameter and an omitted maximum token parameter. Due to improper input validation, this request triggers an unhandled exception that terminates the backend processing thread. Consequently, all subsequent generation requests hang indefinitely while health monitoring endpoints continue to report a healthy status, requiring a manual restart to restore service.
Remediation
Affected
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-107002

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

vLLM before 0.31.0 skips the min_tokens <= max_tokens check for /inference/v1/generate requests with a null max_tokens, so the EngineCore input thread later dies on an uncaught VLLMValidationError while /health still returns 200. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send one request with an oversized min_tokens to hang all subsequent generation requests until manual restart.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
7.1 · CVSS 4.0
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 26 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

vLLM before 0.31.0 skips the min_tokens <= max_tokens check for /inference/v1/generate requests with a null max_tokens, so the EngineCore input thread later dies on an uncaught VLLMValidationError while /health still returns 200. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send one request with an oversized min_tokens to hang all subsequent generation requests until manual restart.

What

vLLM before 0.31.0 skips the min_tokens <= max_tokens check for /inference/v1/generate requests with a null max_tokens, so the EngineCore input thread later dies on an uncaught VLLMValidationError while /health still returns 200. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send one request with an oversized min_tokens to hang all subsequent generation requests until manual restart.

Why

An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

vLLM before 0.31.0 skips the min_tokens <= max_tokens check for /inference/v1/generate requests with a null max_tokens, so the EngineCore input thread later dies on an uncaught VLLMValidationError while /health still returns 200. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send one request with an oversized min_tokens to hang all subsequent generation requests until manual restart.

Why

An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Uncaught Exception → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-248 ↗

CWE-248: Uncaught Exception. An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VAHighVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
Stolen credentials, tokens and legitimate administration functions may provide continued access without deploying a large custom toolset.
NetworkCWE-248
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-107002Official EUVD mapping

vLLM before 0.31.0 skips the min_tokens <= max_tokens check for /inference/v1/generate requests with a null max_tokens, so the EngineCore input thread later dies on an uncaught VLLMValidationError while /health still returns 200. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send one request with an oversized min_tokens to hang all subsequent generation requests until manual restart.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-4076vllm: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in vllm ausnutzen, um Daten zu manipulieren, einen Denial-of-Service-Angriff durchzuführen oder beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
vllm: 0.31.0
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 21 Oct 2026 · Last source change 21 Oct 2026, 00:36 UTC · CWE-248 · Uncaught Exception

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-10-21
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-107002
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD awaiting enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-tpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-tpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-gcp-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhoai/odh-kserve-agent-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-controller-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-router-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-llm-d-kv-cache-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-th-torch-cuda-py312-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
    After
    rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaii/vllm-tpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-cpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-neuron-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhaiis/vllm-tpu-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server; rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-gcp-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3; rhoai/odh-kserve-agent-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-controller-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-router-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-llm-d-kv-cache-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI); rhoai/odh-th-torch-cuda-py312-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2026-107002 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2026-107002"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  3. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed vendor advisory: github.com/GHSA-4xqp-c3mv-qff7.
    Before
    remediation: github.com/GHSA-4xqp-c3mv-qff7 · vendor advisory: github.com/GHSA-4xqp-c3mv-qff7
    After
    remediation: github.com/GHSA-4xqp-c3mv-qff7
    CNA ↗
  4. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-107002↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference · GitHub GHSA-4XQP-C3MV-QFF7↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2026-114051 · cve.blacktree.nl