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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-9165High confidence

LibTIFF tiffcmp tiffcmp.c InitCCITTFax3 memory leak

Unknown · LibTIFF

2.0LowCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 31 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityLowOperational priority:Low, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.22% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown LibTIFF and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: No default targetRemediation target: Normal maintenance

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 31 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

10 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · maintiffVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.4.7.1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · maintiffVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.4.7.1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · maintiffVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.4.7.1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcetiffVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.7.0-3+deb13u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcetiffAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcetiffVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.7.0-4Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcetiffVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.7.0-4Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appsqtwebengine-opensource-srcUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appstexmakerUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivetiffVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.4.5.1+git230720-4ubuntu2.4Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

2 current
CVE-2025-9165 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 40 · interimSUSE Product Security TeamCVE-2025-9165
193 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • tiff as component of SLES-LTSS-TERADATA 15 SP2
  • libtiff5 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP2
  • libtiff5-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP2
  • tiff as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP2
  • libtiff5 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP4
  • libtiff5-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP4
  • tiff as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP4
  • libtiff-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5
  • libtiff5 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5
  • libtiff5-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5
  • tiff as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5
  • libtiff-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
Summary
A flaw has been found in LibTIFF 4.7.0. This affects the function _TIFFmallocExt/_TIFFCheckRealloc/TIFFHashSetNew/InitCCITTFax3 of the file tools/tiffcmp.c of the component tiffcmp. Executing manipulation can lead to memory leak. The attack is restricted to local execution. This attack is characterized by high complexity. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. There is ongoing doubt regarding the real existence of this vulnerability. This patch is called ed141286a37f6e5ddafb5069347ff5d587e7a4e0. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue. A researcher disputes the security impact of this issue, because "this is a memory leak on a command line tool that is about to exit anyway". In the reply the project maintainer declares this issue as "a simple 'bug' when leaving the command line tool and (...) not a security issue at all".
Remediation
To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or "zypper patch".
CVE-2025-9165 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitylibtiff: LibTIFF memory leak
30 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • libtiff as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libtiff-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libtiff-tools as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libtiff.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libtiff as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • libtiff-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • libtiff-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • libtiff.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • compat-libtiff3 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • compat-libtiff3.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • libtiff as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • libtiff-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Summary
A memory leak flaw was found in LibTIFF. This vulnerability affects the _TIFFmallocExt/_TIFFCheckRealloc/TIFFHashSetNew/InitCCITTFax3 function in the file tools/tiffcmp.c of the tiffcmp component. Executing manipulation can lead to a memory leak. The attack is restricted to local execution.
Remediation
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-25249

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 31 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

A flaw has been found in LibTIFF 4.7.0. This affects the function _TIFFmallocExt/_TIFFCheckRealloc/TIFFHashSetNew/InitCCITTFax3 of the file tools/tiffcmp.c of the component tiffcmp. Executing manipulation can lead to memory leak. The attack is restricted to local execution. This attack is characterized by high complexity. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. There is ongoing doubt regarding the real existence of this vulnerability. This patch is called ed141286a37f6e5ddafb5069347ff5d587e7a4e0. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue. A researcher disputes the security impact of this issue, because "this is a memory leak on a command line tool that is about to exit anyway". In the reply the project maintainer declares this issue as "a simple 'bug' when leaving the command line tool and (...) not a security issue at all".

What

A flaw has been found in LibTIFF 4.7.0. This affects the function _TIFFmallocExt/_TIFFCheckRealloc/TIFFHashSetNew/InitCCITTFax3 of the file tools/tiffcmp.c of the component tiffcmp. Executing manipulation can lead to memory leak. The attack is restricted to local execution. This attack is characterized by high complexity. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. There is ongoing doubt regarding the real existence of this vulnerability. This patch is called ed141286a37f6e5ddafb5069347ff5d587e7a4e0. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue. A researcher disputes the security impact of this issue, because "this is a memory leak on a command line tool that is about to exit anyway". In the reply the project maintainer declares this issue as "a simple 'bug' when leaving the command line tool and (...) not a security issue at all".

Why

The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A flaw has been found in LibTIFF 4.7.0. This affects the function _TIFFmallocExt/_TIFFCheckRealloc/TIFFHashSetNew/InitCCITTFax3 of the file tools/tiffcmp.c of the component tiffcmp. Executing manipulation can lead to memory leak. The attack is restricted to local execution. This attack is characterized by high complexity. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. There is ongoing doubt regarding the real existence of this vulnerability. This patch is called ed141286a37f6e5ddafb5069347ff5d587e7a4e0. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue. A researcher disputes the security impact of this issue, because "this is a memory leak on a command line tool that is about to exit anyway". In the reply the project maintainer declares this issue as "a simple 'bug' when leaving the command line tool and (...) not a security issue at all".

Why

The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-401 ↗

CWE-401: Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime. The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VALowVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-401Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0349Dell Avamar und NetWorker: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Dell Avamar und Dell NetWorker ausnutzen, um Angriffe zu starten, die die Integrität, Vertraulichkeit und Verfügbarkeit von Systemen beeinträchtigen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-1730Xerox FreeFlow Print Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen nicht spezifizierten Angriff

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Xerox FreeFlow Print Server ausnutzen, um einen nicht näher spezifizierten Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1863libTIFF: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Denial of Service

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in libTIFF ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0218Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8713 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8714 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8714 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8715 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8715 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8732 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8732 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8851 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8851 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8869 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8869 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8941 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8941 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8959 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8959 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9086 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9086 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9165 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9165 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9230 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9230 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9231 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9231 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9714 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9714 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9900 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9900 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0672 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0672 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0861 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0861 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0865 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0865 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0900 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0900 Ré

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8715 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8732 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8732 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8851 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8851 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8885 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8885 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8916 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8941 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8941 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8961 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8961 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9086 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9086 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9092 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9092 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9165 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9165 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9230 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9230 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9231 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9231 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9232 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9232 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9288 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9340 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9340 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9341 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9341 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9390 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9390 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9403 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9403 Ré

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-013802LibTIFF における有効期限後のメモリの解放の欠如に関する脆弱性

LibTIFF には、有効期限後のメモリの解放の欠如に関する脆弱性、リソースの不適切なシャットダウンおよびリリースに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 19 Aug 2025 · Last source change 1 Oct 2025, 15:25 UTC · CWE-401 · Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-25249
Product sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-9165 · cve.blacktree.nl