Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 0.27% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-7365High confidence
Keycloak: phishing attack via email verification step in first login flow
Unknown · Unknown
Official source articles: Red Hat RHSA-2025:11986 ↗ · Red Hat RHSA-2025:11987 ↗ · Red Hat RHSA-2025:12015 ↗ · Red Hat RHSA-2025:12016 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.
7.1HighCVSS 3.1
Within 7 days
Patch availableHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Open-source package ranges2 source-attributed ranges
These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.
| Ecosystem and package | Affected range | First fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-services | < 26.0.13 | 26.0.13 | GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 30 Jul 2025 |
| mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-services | >= 26.2.0, < 26.2.6 | 26.2.6 | GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 30 Jul 2025 |
Direct vendor intelligence
1 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2025-7365 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitykeycloak: Phishing attack via email verification step in first login flow
The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.
- rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:cc408742b3dc427140802b34db0b58ebc7fda4375b9363b105552967dc444c70_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:1c5afe893168d78648f5d9485e81362416c38b03749d9e5df1b3cd1b90fb6ffd_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:b622c781d0d7a8a0cf6f4f2c62d3d860a6afb8f3442822a3cc9388384e7dd0c9_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:c945dcf47b0da10011a28be1643cc0ef5eb100fa02bc882dc5b32466afb22f7c_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:4da4de30a72187fd31ce42993cd36254571f98ff3fcf6e6c0575e9f33bdb9566_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:7851520291345ab2fe693ba86cfab7a4c4333d1b10526585f49a8ebf1a77f8b6_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:e8b0d6f3ac5d577beefeceec300cb1e63ca2ff370ac97f45b6d7ec485d56d305_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:783a227bda4c11e067b8cc1516a04e56cb99617de7c842025caecaee5afe251d_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:81f301b5e1789c6f03361f5dbcb0dbd1f88ece83775e0c4c2be674646b348598_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:95af515bd00e76f1d0f6140d717d910ffc239ff07efd7ad121e73d7ad554947c_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:9abab4c4db6badc7786466aa8bae178376a470f664bf67a1e9f212c14960e514_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:ff31fb18c6d17366e5b148049fd7f7f4eaf4eba6e1376ddef51cdc65b5b14018_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- Summary
- A flaw was found in Keycloak. When an authenticated attacker attempts to merge accounts with another existing account during an identity provider (IdP) login, the attacker will subsequently be prompted to "review profile" information. This vulnerability allows the attacker to modify their email address to match that of a victim's account, triggering a verification email sent to the victim's email address. The attacker's email address is not present in the verification email content, making it a potential phishing opportunity. If the victim clicks the verification link, the attacker can gain access to the victim's account.
- Remediation
- Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
Patch available01
What, why and how
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When an authenticated attacker attempts to merge accounts with another existing account during an identity provider (IdP) login, the attacker will subsequently be prompted to "review profile" information. This vulnerability allows the attacker to modify their email address to match that of a victim's account, triggering a verification email sent to the victim's email address. The attacker's email address is not present in the verification email content, making it a potential phishing opportunity. If the victim clicks the verification link, the attacker can gain access to the victim's account.
What
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When an authenticated attacker attempts to merge accounts with another existing account during an identity provider (IdP) login, the attacker will subsequently be prompted to "review profile" information. This vulnerability allows the attacker to modify their email address to match that of a victim's account, triggering a verification email sent to the victim's email address. The attacker's email address is not present in the verification email content, making it a potential phishing opportunity. If the victim clicks the verification link, the attacker can gain access to the victim's account.
Why
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When an authenticated attacker attempts to merge accounts with another existing account during an identity provider (IdP) login, the attacker will subsequently be prompted to "review profile" information. This vulnerability allows the attacker to modify their email address to match that of a victim's account, triggering a verification email sent to the victim's email address. The attacker's email address is not present in the verification email content, making it a potential phishing opportunity. If the victim clicks the verification link, the attacker can gain access to the victim's account.
Why
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Origin Validation Error → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low: a basic authenticated account is required
- User interaction
- Required interaction required
- Attack complexity
- High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-346 ↗
CWE-346: Origin Validation Error. The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Patch available
- Fixed
- rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:cc408742b3dc427140802b34db0b58ebc7fda4375b9363b105552967dc444c70_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:1c5afe893168d78648f5d9485e81362416c38b03749d9e5df1b3cd1b90fb6ffd_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:b622c781d0d7a8a0cf6f4f2c62d3d860a6afb8f3442822a3cc9388384e7dd0c9_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:c945dcf47b0da10011a28be1643cc0ef5eb100fa02bc882dc5b32466afb22f7c_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:4da4de30a72187fd31ce42993cd36254571f98ff3fcf6e6c0575e9f33bdb9566_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:7851520291345ab2fe693ba86cfab7a4c4333d1b10526585f49a8ebf1a77f8b6_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:e8b0d6f3ac5d577beefeceec300cb1e63ca2ff370ac97f45b6d7ec485d56d305_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:783a227bda4c11e067b8cc1516a04e56cb99617de7c842025caecaee5afe251d_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:81f301b5e1789c6f03361f5dbcb0dbd1f88ece83775e0c4c2be674646b348598_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:95af515bd00e76f1d0f6140d717d910ffc239ff07efd7ad121e73d7ad554947c_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:9abab4c4db6badc7786466aa8bae178376a470f664bf67a1e9f212c14960e514_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:ff31fb18c6d17366e5b148049fd7f7f4eaf4eba6e1376ddef51cdc65b5b14018_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:082a1d4d0e9eb3f5de0559129c91d54726c027e7467617ed3badd2145b6ccbc2_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:1a7fa57b50f718eb1b2bcfb556e07e104b150d93c0930ffdc4d46c6177a80d94_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:2a5bc5a4717543242ffb260b4e1af5cc4c7790656728d0cb8fad1e95dee14dfe_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:b9c24950b7961b4f9437b798e144cd2f73d75772e2eb7614b020882dedb59982_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- Red Hat build of Keycloak 26
- Action
- Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 10 Jul 2025 · Last source change 31 Aug 2026, 00:28 UTC · CWE-346 · Origin Validation Error
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-20994
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.CNA ↗
- Before
- < 26.0.13; 26.1.0 < 26.1.*; 26.2.0 < 26.2.6 · Fixed: 26.0.13-2 < *; 26.0-16 < *; 26.0-17 < *; 26.2.6-1 < *; 26.2-6 < *
- After
- < 26.0.13, 26.1.0 < 26.1.*, 26.2.0 < 26.2.6 · Fixed: Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0: 26.0.13-2 < *, 26.0-16 < *, 26.0-17 < *; Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2: 26.2.6-1 < *, 26.2-6 < *
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-20994↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference · Red Hat RHSA-2025:11986↗Vendor advisory · Red Hat RHSA-2025:11987↗Vendor advisory · Red Hat RHSA-2025:12015↗Vendor advisory · Red Hat RHSA-2025:12016↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.