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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2025-69648High confidence

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data

Unknown · Unknown

6.2MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • EPSS is 0.18% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 2 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcebinutilsAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcebinutilsAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcebinutilsVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.46-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcebinutilsVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.46-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivebinutilsUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-69648 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 11 · interimSUSE Product Security TeamCVE-2025-69648
171 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7
  • binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7
  • binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7
  • libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7
  • libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7
  • binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
  • binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
  • binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
  • libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
  • libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1
  • binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2
  • binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2
Summary
GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress, resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.
Remediation
To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or "zypper patch".
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-208413

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress, resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.

What

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress, resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.

Why

A malformed condition prevents a loop from making progress or terminating, allowing resource exhaustion.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress, resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.

Why

A malformed condition prevents a loop from making progress or terminating, allowing resource exhaustion.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-835 ↗

CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop'). The product contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
UnauthenticatedCWE-835Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0645binutils: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in binutils ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260311Security Bulletin 11 Mar 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 11 Mar 2026, published on 11 March 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0326Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-69418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69419 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69419 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69420 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69420 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69421 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69421 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69644 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69644 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69645 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69645 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69646 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69646 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69647 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69649 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69649 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69650 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69651 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69652 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69652 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69873 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69873 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71064 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71064 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71066 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71066 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71067 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0316Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-69418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69419 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69419 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69420 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69420 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69421 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69421 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69644 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69644 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69645 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69645 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69646 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69646 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69647 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69649 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69649 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69650 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69651 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69652 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69652 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71064 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71064 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71066 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71066 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71067 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71067 Référence CVE CVE-2025-71068 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-007470GNU ProjectのGNU Binutilsにおける無限ループに関する脆弱性

GNU Binutils 2.45.1までのreadelfには、不正に作成されたDWARF .debug_rnglistsデータを含むバイナリを処理する際にサービス拒否の脆弱性があります。DWARF解析経路に論理的な欠陥があるため、readelfは同じ警告メッセージを繰り返し表示し進行しなくなり、手動での中断が必要になる終了しない出力ループが発生します。メモリ破損やコード実行が発生した証拠は観察されていません。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 9 Mar 2026 · Last source change 10 Mar 2026, 13:34 UTC · CWE-835 · Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-208413
Product sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; and 140 more
    After
    binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS; binutils as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; binutils-devel as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; binutils-devel-32bit as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; libctf-nobfd0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; libctf0 as component of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4; and 141 more
    SUSE Product Security Team ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-208413↗Vendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-69648 · cve.blacktree.nl