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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2025-69534High confidence

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing

Unknown · Unknown

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 3 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 7 Sep 2026

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.59% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 3 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

12 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 3 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcepypy3Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcepython3.13Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.13.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcepypy3Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcepython3.11Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcepypy3Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8.0.0+dfsg-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcepython3.13Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.13.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcepython3.14Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcepypy3Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8.0.0+dfsg-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcepython3.13Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.13.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcepython3.14Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivepypy3Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivepython3.12Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.3.12.3-1ubuntu0.15Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges2 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
PyPImarkdownECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 3.8.13.8.1OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
pipMarkdown< 3.8.13.8.1GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 6 Jun 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-69534 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitypython-markdown: denial of service via malformed HTML-like sequences
6 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • ansible-automation-platform-26/controller-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
  • rhoai/odh-modelmesh-runtime-adapter-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
  • rhoai/odh-training-cuda121-torch24-py311-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
  • rhoai/odh-training-rocm62-torch24-py311-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
  • python-markdown.src (satellite:el8) as a component of Red Hat Satellite 6
  • python3-markdown (satellite:el8) as a component of Red Hat Satellite 6
Summary
A flaw was found in Python-Markdown. Parsing crafted markdown content containing malformed HTML-like sequences causes html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError. This unhandled exception allows an attacker to cause an application crash and potentially disclose sensitive information via its stack trace.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, refer to Ansible Automation Platform documentation.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-208312

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing. Because Python-Markdown does not catch this exception, any application that processes attacker-controlled Markdown may crash. This enables remote, unauthenticated Denial of Service in web applications, documentation systems, CI/CD pipelines, and any service that renders untrusted Markdown. The issue was acknowledged by the vendor and fixed in version 3.8.1. This issue causes a remote Denial of Service in any application parsing untrusted Markdown, and can lead to Information Disclosure through uncaught exceptions.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
7.5 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 3 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing. Because Python-Markdown does not catch this exception, any application that processes attacker-controlled Markdown may crash. This enables remote, unauthenticated Denial of Service in web applications, documentation systems, CI/CD pipelines, and any service that renders untrusted Markdown. The issue was acknowledged by the vendor and fixed in version 3.8.1. This issue causes a remote Denial of Service in any application parsing untrusted Markdown, and can lead to Information Disclosure through uncaught exceptions.

What

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing. Because Python-Markdown does not catch this exception, any application that processes attacker-controlled Markdown may crash. This enables remote, unauthenticated Denial of Service in web applications, documentation systems, CI/CD pipelines, and any service that renders untrusted Markdown. The issue was acknowledged by the vendor and fixed in version 3.8.1. This issue causes a remote Denial of Service in any application parsing untrusted Markdown, and can lead to Information Disclosure through uncaught exceptions.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

What

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing. Because Python-Markdown does not catch this exception, any application that processes attacker-controlled Markdown may crash. This enables remote, unauthenticated Denial of Service in web applications, documentation systems, CI/CD pipelines, and any service that renders untrusted Markdown. The issue was acknowledged by the vendor and fixed in version 3.8.1. This issue causes a remote Denial of Service in any application parsing untrusted Markdown, and can lead to Information Disclosure through uncaught exceptions.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Uncontrolled Resource Consumption → obtain information outside the intended access boundary
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-400 ↗

CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-400Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-208312Official EUVD mapping

Python-Markdown version 3.8 contain a vulnerability where malformed HTML-like sequences can cause html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError during Markdown parsing. Because Python-Markdown does not catch this exception, any application that processes attacker-controlled Markdown may crash. This enables remote, unauthenticated Denial of Service in web applications, documentation systems, CI/CD pipelines, and any service that renders untrusted Markdown. The issue was acknowledged by the vendor and fixed in version 3.8.1. This issue causes a remote Denial of Service in any application parsing untrusted Markdown, and can lead to Information Disclosure through uncaught exceptions.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-1610Red Hat Enterprise Linux (JWCrypto und python-markdown): Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat Enterprise Linux ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260311Security Bulletin 11 Mar 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 11 Mar 2026, published on 11 March 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1206Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ord?id=CVE-2025-14915 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14923 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14923 Référence CVE CVE-2025-33123 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-33123 Référence CVE CVE-2025-33147 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-33147 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36076 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-36076 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59375 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375 Référence CVE CVE-2025-62718 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62718 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68161 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68161 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8885 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8885 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9095 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9095 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9096 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0846 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0846 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0847 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0847 Référence CVE CVE-2026-0848 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-0848 Référence CVE CVE-2026-10050 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-10050 Référence CVE CVE-2026-10051 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-100

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0556Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-66418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-66471 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66471 Référence CVE CVE-2025-66516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-66614 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66614 Référence CVE CVE-2025-67221 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-67221 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68121 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68121 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68146 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68161 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68161 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6921 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8194 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8194 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8291 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8291 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8713 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8713 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8714 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8714 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8715 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8715 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8869 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8869 Référence CVE CVE-2025-8916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8916 Référence CVE CVE-2025-9230 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9230 R

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0326Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-68819 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68820 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68820 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68821 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68821 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68822 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68822 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68972 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68972 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69418 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69419 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69419 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69420 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69420 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69421 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69421 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69644 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69644 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69645 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69645 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69646 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69646 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69647 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69649 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69649 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69650 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0316Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-68819 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68820 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68820 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68821 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68821 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68822 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68822 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68972 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68972 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69418 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69419 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69419 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69420 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69420 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69421 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69421 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69534 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69534 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69644 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69644 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69645 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69645 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69646 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69646 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69647 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69649 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69649 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69650 Référence CVE CVE-2025-69651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-007226Python-Markdownにおけるリソースの枯渇に関する脆弱性

Python-Markdownバージョン3.8には、整形されていないHTMLライクなシーケンスがhtml.parser.HTMLParserに未処理のAssertionErrorを発生させる脆弱性があります。Python-Markdownはこの例外をキャッチしないため、攻撃者が制御するMarkdownを処理するアプリケーションがクラッシュする可能性があります。これにより、リモートかつ認証不要のサービス拒否（DoS）がウェブアプリケーション、ドキュメントシステム、CI/CDパイプライン、および信頼されていないMarkdownをレンダリングするサービスで発生します。問題はベンダーにより認識され、バージョン3.8.1で修正されました。この問題は、信頼されていないMarkdownを解析する任意のアプリケーションにリモートサービス拒否を引き起こし、未処理の例外を通じて情報漏洩を引き起こす可能性があります。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 5 Mar 2026 · Last source change 7 Sept 2026, 12:05 UTC · CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-208312
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    n/a · Fixed: 3.8.1.
    After
    n/a: n/a · Fixed: RHSA-2026:13512: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-208312↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-69534 · cve.blacktree.nl