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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-61757High confidence

Oracle Fusion Middleware Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Oracle · Fusion Middleware

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Mitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-12 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 88.65% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Oracle Fusion Middleware and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-35253

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

Vulnerability in the Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: REST WebServices). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Identity Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Identity Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 21 Nov 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
1 linked advisory record
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0334Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Fusion Middleware
Recommended actionMitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-12 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
01

What, why and how

Oracle Fusion Middleware contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to take over Identity Manager.

What

Oracle Fusion Middleware contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to take over Identity Manager.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Oracle Fusion Middleware contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to take over Identity Manager.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-11-21.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Missing Authentication for Critical Function → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-306 ↗

CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function. The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-306CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-35253Known-exploited evidence recorded

Vulnerability in the Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: REST WebServices). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Identity Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Identity Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2359Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-688Oracle security advisory – October 2025 quarterly rollup (AV25-688) – Update 2

On October 21, 2025, Oracle published a security advisory to address vulnerabilities in multiple products. Included were security advisories for critical vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53072 and CVE-2025-62481 affecting Oracle E-Business products.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251022Security Bulletin 22 Oct 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 22 Oct 2025, published on 22 October 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-017476Oracle Fusion Middleware の Identity Manager における REST WebServices に関する脆弱性

Oracle Fusion Middleware の Identity Manager には、REST WebServices に関する処理に不備があるため、機密性、完全性、および可用性に影響のある脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6628Oracle 제품 보안 업데이트 권고

Oracle Fusion Middleware의 Identity Manager에서 발생하는 사전 인증 RCE 취약점(CVE-2025-61757) [1][2]

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0334Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Fusion Middleware

De kwetsbaarheden stellen ongeauthenticeerde aanvallers in staat om toegang te krijgen tot kritieke gegevens via HTTP, wat kan leiden tot een gedeeltelijke Denial-of-Service. De ernst van deze kwetsbaarheden wordt onderstreept door CVSS-scores van 7.5, wat wijst op aanzienlijke impact op de beschikbaarheid. Daarnaast zijn er kwetsbaarheden die kunnen leiden tot ongeautoriseerde toegang tot specifieke gegevens, met een CVSS-score van 5.3, wat duidt op een gematigd niveau van vertrouwelijkheidsimpact. Het NCSC ontvangt berichten dat er media-aandacht is voor de kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-61757. Betrouwbare partners nemen scanverkeer waar, waarin actief gezocht wordt naar mogelijke uitvoer van willekeurige code. De kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in **Oracle Identity Manager** en betreft een issue waarbij authenticatie kan worden omzeild omdat bestanden eindigend op de extensie `.wadl` vrijgesteld zijn van authenticatie. Zomaar `.wadl` toevoegen als extensie bij een willekeurige URL zal geen effect hebben, omdat dan een niet-bestaand bestand wordt benaderd. Echter, onderzoekers hebben ontdekt dat het toevoegen van een `;` aan de extensie in theorie code-executie mogelijk kan maken. In logging kan worden gezocht naar `;.wadl` als extensie. Dit duidt in elk geval op scanverkeer. Nadere analyse van de logging moet uitwijzen of uitvoer van code heeft plaatsgevonden. Op dit moment is (nog) geen indicatie ontvangen dat uitvoer van willekeurige code daadwerkelijk ergens heeft plaatsgevonden. Het NCSC kan daarom (nog) geen IoC's delen om de eigen logging te analyseren. Het NCSC verwacht vanwege de media-aandacht en de publicatie van de onderzoekers echter wel op korte termijn een toename van scanverkeer en mogelijk werkende Proof-of-Concept-code (PoC) en adviseert de updates zo spoedig mogelijk in te zetten, indien dit (nog) niet is gebeurd.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Mitigation available
Affected
Identity Manager: 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.2.1.0
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web link and apply the necessary updates.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 21 Oct 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 16:57 UTC · CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-35253
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: cyber.gc.ca/oracle-security-advisory-october-2025-quarterly-rollup-av25-688.
    Before
    remediation: cyber.gc.ca/oracle-security-advisory-october-2025-quarterly-rollup-av25-688 · vendor advisory: oracle.com/cpuoct2025.html
    After
    vendor advisory: oracle.com/cpuoct2025.html
    secalert_us@oracle.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    secalert_us@oracle.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    12.2.1.4.0; 14.1.2.1.0 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Identity Manager: 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.2.1.0 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-35253↗Canadian Centre for Cyber Security remediation guidance↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-61757 · cve.blacktree.nl