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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-61661High confidence

Grub2: grub2: out-of-bounds write via malicious usb device

GNU · grub2

4.8MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 77 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.19% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs GNU grub2 and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 77 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

6 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 2 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcegrub2Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcegrub2Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcegrub2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.14-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcegrub2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.14-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivegrub2-signedUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivegrub2-unsignedUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-61661 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitygrub2: grub2: Out-of-bounds write via malicious USB device
75 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • grub2-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-aa64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-aa64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-x64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-x64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-efi-x64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-pc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-pc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-ppc64le-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • grub2-tools as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.
Remediation
As a mitigation Red Hat doesn't recommend to connect untrusted or unknown USB devices to the machine.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-198081

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
4.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 77 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.

What

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.

Why

The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.

How

An attacker operating through physical access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.

Why

The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.

How

An attacker operating through physical access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
physical access → Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Physical
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-131 ↗

CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size. The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVPhysicalAttack vector: The attacker needs physical access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
UnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-131
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-198081Official EUVD mapping

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component. This flaw occurs because the bootloader mishandles string conversion when reading information from a USB device, allowing an attacker to exploit inconsistent length values. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during the boot sequence to trigger this issue. A successful exploitation may lead GRUB to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Data corruption may be also possible, although given the complexity of the exploit the impact is most likely limited.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0778Dell Secure Connect Gateway Policy Manager: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Dell Secure Connect Gateway Policy Manager ausnutzen, um einen nicht näher spezifizierten Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2638Grub: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Grub ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, und um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251119Security Bulletin 19 Nov 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 19 Nov 2025, published on 19 November 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0326Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ERecord?id=CVE-2025-59466 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59691 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59691 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59692 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59692 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59830 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59830 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6069 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6069 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6075 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6075 Référence CVE CVE-2025-60753 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60753 Référence CVE CVE-2025-60876 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60876 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6141 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6141 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61661 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61661 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61662 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61662 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61663 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61663 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61664 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61664 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61723 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61723 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61724 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61724 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61726 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61726 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0316Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-59375 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59464 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59464 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59465 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59466 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59466 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59691 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59691 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59692 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59692 Référence CVE CVE-2025-60753 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60753 Référence CVE CVE-2025-60876 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60876 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6141 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6141 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61661 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61661 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61662 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61662 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61663 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61663 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61664 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61664 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61723 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61723 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61724 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61724 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61726 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61726 Référence CVE CVE-2025-61727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1064Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Microsoft

4324 du 20 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2022-50233 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-11230 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-11731 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-13193 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-13226 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-13227 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-13230 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-54770 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-54771 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-61661 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-61662 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-61663 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-61664 du 21 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-40210 du 22 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-40211 du 22 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-64505 du 26 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-64506 du 27 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-64720 du 27 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2025-65018 du 27 novembre 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6641MS 12월 보안 위협에 따른 정기 보안 업데이트 권고

r Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61729 | Excessive resource consumption when printing error string for host certificate validation in crypto/x509 | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61727 | Improper application of excluded DNS name constraints when verifying wildcard names in crypto/x509 | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61664 | Grub2: missing unregister call for normal_exit command may lead to use-after-free | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61663 | Grub2: missing unregister call for normal commands may lead to use-after-free | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61662 | Grub2: missing unregister call for gettext command may lead to use-after-free | | Mariner | CVE-2025-61661 | Grub2: grub2: out-of-bounds write via malicious usb device | | Mariner | CVE-2025-60876 | BusyBox wget thru 1.3.7 accepted raw CR (0x0D)/LF (0x0A) and other C0 control bytes in the HTTP request-target (path/query), allowing the request line to be split and attacker-controlled headers to be injected. To preserve the HTTP/1.1 request-line shape METHOD SP request-target SP HTTP/1.1, a raw space (0x20) in the request-target must also be rejected (clients should use %20). | | Host Process for Windows Tasks | CVE-2025-60710 | Host Process for Windows Tasks Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability | | Mariner | CVE-2025-59777 | NULL pointer dereferen

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
As a mitigation Red Hat doesn't recommend to connect untrusted or unknown USB devices to the machine.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 18 Nov 2025 · Last source change 1 Sept 2026, 11:53 UTC · CWE-131 · Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-198081
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    grub2-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-pc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-pc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-ppc64le-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-efi as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-extra as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-minimal as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-aa64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-pc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-pc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-ppc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; and 44 more
    After
    grub2-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-aa64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-efi-x64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-pc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-pc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-ppc64le-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-efi as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-extra as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2-tools-minimal as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; grub2 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-aa64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-ia32-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64-cdboot as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-efi-x64-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-pc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-pc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; grub2-ppc-modules as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; and 45 more
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    ≤ 2.14 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    grub2: ≤ 2.14 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-198081↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-61661 · cve.blacktree.nl