CVE-2025-53864: Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT — Uncontrolled Recursion

Distribution release	Source package	Vendor state	Fixed version	Evidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`libgoogle-gson-java`	Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026

Ecosystem and package	Affected range	First fixed version	Evidence
Mavencom.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt	`ECOSYSTEM: introduced 9.38-rc1; fixed 10.0.2`	`10.0.2`	OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
Mavencom.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt	`ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 9.37.4`	`9.37.4`	OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
mavencom.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt	`< 9.37.4`	`9.37.4`	GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 19 Sep 2025
mavencom.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt	`>= 9.38-rc1, < 10.0.2`	`10.0.2`	GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 19 Sep 2025

Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified

What, why and how

Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT 10.0.x before 10.0.2 and 9.37.x before 9.37.4 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.

What

Why

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

Why

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

Reference recorded

CISA Vulnrichment records proof-of-concept exploitation in its SSVC data. BlackTree has not independently executed or validated exploit material.

Likely attack path: a network path → Uncontrolled Recursion → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface: Network
Privileges required: None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary: Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness ? CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.: CWE-674 ↗
CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion. The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
CVSS vector ? CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ALowAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land: No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.

NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-674Public exploit reference

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-21099Official EUVD mapping

0 linked advisory records.

Official EUVD record ↗

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0162Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT — Uncontrolled Recursion

Evidence used

Compensating controls

Verification

EUVD-2025-21099

What, why and how

Exploit reality and attack path

Official authority intelligence

Patch and workaround

Evidence and provenance