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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-52953High confidence

Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: An unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending a valid BGP UPDATE packet forces a BGP session reset

Juniper Networks · Junos OS

7.1HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.30% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Juniper Networks Junos OS and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-21156

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

An Expected Behavior Violation vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending a valid BGP UPDATE packet to cause a BGP session reset, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).  Continuous receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S11, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S4, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2, * from 24.4 before 24.4R1-S3, 24.4R2 Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO, * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-EVO, * from 24.4-EVO before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.

What

An Expected Behavior Violation vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending a valid BGP UPDATE packet to cause a BGP session reset, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).  Continuous receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S11, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S4, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2, * from 24.4 before 24.4R1-S3, 24.4R2 Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO, * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-EVO, * from 24.4-EVO before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.

Why

A feature, API, or function does not perform according to its specification.

How

An attacker operating through an adjacent network may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

An Expected Behavior Violation vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending a valid BGP UPDATE packet to cause a BGP session reset, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).  Continuous receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S11, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S4, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2, * from 24.4 before 24.4R1-S3, 24.4R2 Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO, * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-EVO, * from 24.4-EVO before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.

Why

A feature, API, or function does not perform according to its specification.

How

An attacker operating through an adjacent network may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
an adjacent network → Expected Behavior Violation → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Adjacent
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-440 ↗

CWE-440: Expected Behavior Violation. A feature, API, or function does not perform according to its specification.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVAdjacentAttack vector: The attacker must be on an adjacent or logically close network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VAHighVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SALowSubsequent-system availability: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
UnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-440
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1519Juniper JUNOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Privilegieneskalation

Ein entfernter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Juniper JUNOS, Juniper MX Series, Juniper SRX Series und Juniper Security Director ausnutzen, um Daten zu manipulieren oder offenzulegen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Code auszuführen, einen Denial of Service zu verursachen oder seine Privilegien zu erweitern.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250716Security Bulletin 16 Jul 2025 [922 KB]

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 16 Jul 2025 [922 KB], published on 16 July 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0583Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Juniper Networks

s CVE-2025-26466 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-30661 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52946 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52947 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52948 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52949 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52950 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52951 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52952 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52953 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52954 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52955 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52958 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52963 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52964 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52980 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52981 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52982 du 09 juillet 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-52983 d

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-025220ジュニパーネットワークスのJunos OS等の複数製品における予期せぬ動作に関する脆弱性

Juniper NetworksのJunos OSおよびJunos OS Evolvedのルーティングプロトコルデーモン(rpd)には、期待される動作と異なる脆弱性が存在します。この脆弱性により、認証されていない隣接する攻撃者が有効なBGP UPDATEパケットを送信すると、BGPセッションがリセットされ、サービス拒否(DoS)が引き起こされる可能性があります。攻撃者が継続的にこのパケットを受信および処理させることで、持続的なサービス拒否(DoS)状態が発生します。この問題はiBGPおよびeBGPの両方に影響し、IPv4とIPv6の両方が対象となります。この問題は以下のバージョンのJunos OSに影響を及ぼします: 21.2R3-S9未満のすべてのバージョン、21.4から21.4R3-S11未満、22.2から22.2R3-S7未満、22.4から22.4R3-S7未満、23.2から23.2R2-S4未満、23.4から23.4R2-S4未満、24.2から24.2R2未満、および24.4の24.4R1-S3および24.4R2未満です。Junos OS Evolvedでは、22.2R3-S7-EVO未満のすべてのバージョン、22.4-EVOから22.4R3-S7-EVO未満、23.2-EVOから23.2R2-S4-EVO未満、23.4-EVOから23.4R2-S4-EVO未満、24.2-EVOから24.2R2-EVO未満、および24.4-EVOの24.4R1-S3-EVOおよび24.4R2-EVO未満に影響を及ぼします。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 11 Jul 2025 · Last source change 11 Jul 2025, 20:11 UTC · CWE-440 · Expected Behavior Violation

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-21156
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-21156↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-52953 · cve.blacktree.nl