BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-4947High confidence

QUIC certificate check skip with wolfSSL

curl · curl

6.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:High, raised one band.upgradedsince 28 May 2025

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.29% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs curl curl and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

7 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · maincurlVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.8.14.0-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · maincurlVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.8.14.0-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · maincurlVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.8.14.0-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcecurlVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8.14.0-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcecurlNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcecurlVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8.14.0-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcecurlVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.8.14.0-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-4947 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitylibcurl: curl: QUIC certificate check skip with wolfSSL
66 known not affected

The vendor explicitly states that these products are not affected by this CVE.

  • confidential-compute-attestation-tech-preview/trustee-rhel9 as a component of Confidential Compute Attestation
  • cargo as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • clippy as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • curl as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • curl.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libcurl as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libcurl-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • libcurl-minimal as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • rust-analyzer as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • rust-debugger-common as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • rust-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • rust-gdb as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
Summary
A vulnerability was found in curl. When using WolfSSL as the TLS library, it skips the certificate verification for QUIC connections when connecting to a host specified as an IP address in the URL. This can result in curl being unable to detect illegitimate servers or man-in-the-middle attacks, potentially leading to unauthorized connections to malicious hosts or the interception of sensitive communications. This issue only affects instances of curl and libcurl using WolfSSL as the backend TLS library.
Remediation
No remediation text is recorded.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-16303

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

libcurl accidentally skips the certificate verification for QUIC connections when connecting to a host specified as an IP address in the URL. Therefore, it does not detect impostors or man-in-the-middle attacks.

What

libcurl accidentally skips the certificate verification for QUIC connections when connecting to a host specified as an IP address in the URL. Therefore, it does not detect impostors or man-in-the-middle attacks.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

libcurl accidentally skips the certificate verification for QUIC connections when connecting to a host specified as an IP address in the URL. Therefore, it does not detect impostors or man-in-the-middle attacks.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Certificate Validation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-295 ↗

CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation. The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CLowConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-295Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1151libcurl: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Umgehen von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in libcurl ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250604Security Bulletin 4 June 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 4 June 2025, published on 4 June 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0218Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-47910 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47911 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47912 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47912 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47913 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47914 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47914 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4802 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4802 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48060 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48734 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4947 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49795 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50181 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50181 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50182 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50182 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5115 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5115 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5222 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0199Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

cord?id=CVE-2025-4673 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4674 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4674 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47219 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47906 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47906 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47907 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47907 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47910 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47910 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47912 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47912 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47914 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47914 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4947 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50059 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50059 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50106 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50106 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52881 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52999 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52999 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53057 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53057 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53066 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0093Multiples vulnérabilités dans Tenable Network Monitor

d?id=CVE-2025-10966 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11731 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11731 Référence CVE CVE-2025-13034 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-13034 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14017 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14017 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14524 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14524 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14819 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14819 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15079 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15079 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15224 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15224 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31498 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31498 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4947 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-59375 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6021 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6021 Référence CVE CVE-2025-62408 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62408 Référence CVE CVE-2025-7425 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-7425 Gestion détaillée du document le 28 janvier 2026 Version initiale Ale

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1057Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ecord?id=CVE-2025-32444 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3576 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3576 Référence CVE CVE-2025-41248 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-41248 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43859 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43859 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46570 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46570 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47277 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47277 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48887 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48887 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48956 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48956 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4947 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49795 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50182 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50182 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52099 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52099 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53643 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53643 Référence CVE CVE-2025-54121 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

rd?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48964 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48964 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48989 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48989 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49014 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49014 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49124 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49124 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49125 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49146 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4947 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4947 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49795 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50059 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50059 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50077 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50077 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50078 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50078 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50079 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50079 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50080 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0838Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Splunk

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Splunk. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0621Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Tenable

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Tenable Identity Exposure. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0458Multiples vulnérabilités dans Curl

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Curl. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et un contournement de la politique de sécurité.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-007792Haxx の cURL における証明書検証に関する脆弱性

Haxx の cURL には、証明書検証に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
curl: 8.13.0 ≤ 8.13.0, 8.12.1 ≤ 8.12.1, 8.12.0 ≤ 8.12.0, 8.11.1 ≤ 8.11.1, 8.11.0 ≤ 8.11.0, 8.10.1 ≤ 8.10.1, 8.10.0 ≤ 8.10.0, 8.9.1 ≤ 8.9.1, 8.9.0 ≤ 8.9.0, 8.8.0 ≤ 8.8.0
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 28 May 2025 · Last source change 28 May 2025, 13:58 UTC · CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-16303
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-4947 · cve.blacktree.nl