Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
- EPSS is 3.44% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-49125High confidence
Apache Tomcat: Security constraint bypass for pre/post-resources
Apache Software Foundation · Apache Tomcat
7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Within 7 days
Patch availableHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Distribution package intelligence
12 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1~deb13u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.15-1~deb13u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1~deb12u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.46-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.11-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.46-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.11-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | tomcat10 | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
Open-source package ranges16 source-attributed ranges
These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.
| Ecosystem and package | Affected range | First fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 11.0.0-M1; fixed 11.0.8 | 11.0.8 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 10.1.0-M1; fixed 10.1.42 | 10.1.42 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 9.0.0.M1; fixed 9.0.106 | 9.0.106 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 8.5.0; last affected 8.5.100 | Not stated | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 11.0.0-M1; fixed 11.0.8 | 11.0.8 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 10.1.0-M1; fixed 10.1.42 | 10.1.42 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 9.0.0.M1; fixed 9.0.106 | 9.0.106 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | ECOSYSTEM: introduced 8.5.0; last affected 8.5.100 | Not stated | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 11.0.0-M1, <= 11.0.7 | 11.0.8 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 10.1.0-M1, <= 10.1.41 | 10.1.42 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 9.0.0.M1, <= 9.0.105 | 9.0.106 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 8.5.0, <= 8.5.100 | Not stated | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | >= 11.0.0-M1, <= 11.0.7 | 11.0.8 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | >= 10.1.0-M1, <= 10.1.41 | 10.1.42 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | >= 9.0.0.M1, <= 9.0.105 | 9.0.106 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | >= 8.5.0, <= 8.5.100 | Not stated | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 3 Nov 2025 |
Direct vendor intelligence
1 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2025-49125 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitytomcat: Apache Tomcat: Security constraint bypass for pre/post-resources
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- tomcat-catalina as a component of Red Hat Data Grid 8
- mod_proxy_cluster as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- mod_proxy_cluster.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- tomcat6 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-admin-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-docs-webapp as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-el-2.1-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-javadoc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-jsp-2.1-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-lib as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-log4j as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-servlet-2.5-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Summary
- A flaw has been discovered in path handling logic in Apache Tomcat. When using either PreResources or PostResources mounted on a non-root path, it is possible to access resources via an unexpected path. This may result in leaking of files on those paths.
- Remediation
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
Patch available01
What, why and how
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. When using PreResources or PostResources mounted other than at the root of the web application, it was possible to access those resources via an unexpected path. That path was likely not to be protected by the same security constraints as the expected path, allowing those security constraints to be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.8, 10.1.42 or 9.0.106, which fix the issue.
What
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. When using PreResources or PostResources mounted other than at the root of the web application, it was possible to access those resources via an unexpected path. That path was likely not to be protected by the same security constraints as the expected path, allowing those security constraints to be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.8, 10.1.42 or 9.0.106, which fix the issue.
Why
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may bypass an access boundary or take over an account.
What
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. When using PreResources or PostResources mounted other than at the root of the web application, it was possible to access those resources via an unexpected path. That path was likely not to be protected by the same security constraints as the expected path, allowing those security constraints to be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.8, 10.1.42 or 9.0.106, which fix the issue.
Why
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may bypass an access boundary or take over an account.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel → bypass an access boundary or take over an account
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-288 ↗
CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- Stolen credentials, tokens and legitimate administration functions may provide continued access without deploying a large custom toolset.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Patch available
- Affected
- tomcat-catalina as a component of Red Hat Data Grid 8
- mod_proxy_cluster as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- mod_proxy_cluster.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- tomcat6 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-admin-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-docs-webapp as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-el-2.1-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-javadoc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-jsp-2.1-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-lib as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-log4j as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-servlet-2.5-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat6.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- tomcat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-admin-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-docs-webapp as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-el-2.2-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-javadoc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-jsp-2.2-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-jsvc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-lib as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-servlet-3.0-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- tomcat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- pki-servlet-4.0-api (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- pki-servlet-engine.src (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- pki-servlet-engine (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- log4j-jcl as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- log4j-slf4j as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- and 18 more
- Fixed
- jws6-tomcat-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-el-5.0-api-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-javadoc-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-jsp-3.1-api-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-lib-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-selinux-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-servlet-6.0-api-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-webapps-0:10.1.36-7.redhat_00008.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-java-jdk11-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-java-jdk8-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-javadoc-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-jsp-2.3-api-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-lib-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-selinux-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-servlet-4.0-api-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-webapps-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-javadoc-0:9.0.87-12.redhat_00011.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- and 111 more
- Action
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 16 Jun 2025 · Last source change 3 Nov 2025, 20:05 UTC · CWE-288 · Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-18406
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.7; 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.41; 9.0.0.M1 ≤ 9.0.105; 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.100; 8.0.0.RC1 < 8.5.0; 10.0.0-M1 ≤ 10.0.27 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- After
- 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.7; 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.41; 9.0.0.M1 ≤ 9.0.105; 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.100; 8.0.0.RC1 < 8.5.0; 10.0.0-M1 ≤ 10.0.27 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- Awaiting fix
- After
- Patch available
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.