Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
- EPSS is 3.69% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-48989High confidence
Apache Tomcat: h2 DoS - Made You Reset
Apache Software Foundation · Apache Tomcat
7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Siemens ProductCERT: 1 affected or under-investigation product state without a fixed product state in the same current advisory
Distribution package intelligence
12 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1~deb13u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.15-1~deb13u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1~deb12u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.11-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat10 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 10.1.52-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat11 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 11.0.11-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | tomcat9 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 9.0.70-2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | tomcat10 | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
Open-source package ranges6 source-attributed ranges
These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.
| Ecosystem and package | Affected range | First fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 11.0.0-M1, < 11.0.10 | 11.0.10 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 10.1.0-M1, < 10.1.44 | 10.1.44 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 9.0.0.M1, < 9.0.108 | 9.0.108 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 11.0.0-M1, < 11.0.10 | 11.0.10 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 10.1.0-M1, < 10.1.44 | 10.1.44 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
| mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 9.0.0.M1, < 9.0.108 | 9.0.108 | GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 13 May 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
2 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2025-48989 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitytomcat: http/2 "MadeYouReset" DoS attack through HTTP/2 control frames
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- pki-servlet-4.0-api as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- pki-servlet-engine as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- pki-servlet-engine.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- Summary
- A flaw was found in Apache Tomcat where malformed client requests can trigger server-side stream resets without triggering abuse counters. This issue, referred to as the "MadeYouReset" attack, allows malicious clients to induce excessive server workload by repeatedly causing server-side stream aborts. While not a protocol bug, this highlights a common implementation weakness that can be exploited to cause a denial of service (DoS).
- Remediation
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
SSA-032379 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-032379: Multiple Vulnerabilities in SIMATIC CN 4100 Before V5.0
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- SIMATIC CN 4100
- Summary
- Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.
- Remediation
- Update to V5.0 or later version
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.
What
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.
Why
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.
Why
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Improper Resource Shutdown or Release → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-404 ↗
CWE-404: Improper Resource Shutdown or Release. The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Affected
- Fixed
- jws6-tomcat-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-el-5.0-api-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-javadoc-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-jsp-3.1-api-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-lib-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-selinux-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-servlet-6.0-api-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws6-tomcat-webapps-0:10.1.36-8.redhat_00009.1.el10jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6.1 for RHEL 10
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-java-jdk11-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-java-jdk8-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-javadoc-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-jsp-2.3-api-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-lib-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-selinux-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-servlet-4.0-api-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-webapps-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el7jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 7 Server
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- jws5-tomcat-javadoc-0:9.0.87-14.redhat_00013.1.el8jws.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8 for RHEL 8
- and 111 more
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
Official vendor articles1 stored document
Linked articles are downloaded and versioned as source evidence. A CVE mention or approved update relationship does not, by itself, verify a fix for every product branch.
- Security Bulletin - January 20 2026 | Atlassian Support | Atlassian Documentation →Original publisher ↗Searchable text snapshot · Captured 28 Sep 2026Unable to load Security Bulletin - January 20 2026 Security Advisories & Bulletins November 2022: Atlassian Security Advisories Overview Archived Security Advisories Security Advisories for Apps July 2022: Atlassian Security Advisories Overview August 2022: Atlassian Security Advisories Overview January 2023: Secu
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 13 Aug 2025 · Last source change 12 May 2026, 12:08 UTC · CWE-404 · Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-24559
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.9; 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.43; 9.0.0.M1 ≤ 9.0.107; 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.100; 10.0.0-M1 ≤ 10.0.27 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- After
- 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.9; 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.43; 9.0.0.M1 ≤ 9.0.107; 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.100; 10.0.0-M1 ≤ 10.0.27 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- Awaiting fix
- After
- Patch available
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.