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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-4877High confidence

Libssh: write beyond bounds in binary to base64 conversion functions

Unknown · Unknown

4.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelibsshVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.0.10.6-2ubuntu0.1Canonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-4877 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitylibssh: Write beyond bounds in binary to base64 conversion functions
32 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
  • libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
Summary
There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-28257

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
4.5 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.

What

There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.

Why

A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.

Why

A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Out-of-bounds Write → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-787 ↗

CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write. The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CLowConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ALowAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-787
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-28257Official EUVD mapping

There's a vulnerability in the libssh package where when a libssh consumer passes in an unexpectedly large input buffer to ssh_get_fingerprint_hash() function. In such cases the bin_to_base64() function can experience an integer overflow leading to a memory under allocation, when that happens it's possible that the program perform out of bounds write leading to a heap corruption. This issue affects only 32-bits builds of libssh.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-1118Dell PowerProtect Data Domain OS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Dell PowerProtect Data Domain OS ausnutzen, um beliebigen Code auszuführen – sogar mit Root-Rechten –, um erweiterte Rechte zu erlangen – einschließlich Administratorrechte –, um Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, um Daten zu manipulieren, um vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder um andere, nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-1423libssh: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in libssh ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, und potentiell weitere nicht spezifizierte Auswirkungen zu verursachen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0469Multiples vulnérabilités dans Oracle MySQL

d?id=CVE-2025-13034 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14017 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14017 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14524 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14524 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14819 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14819 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15079 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15079 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15224 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15224 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15467 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15467 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15468 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15468 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15469 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15469 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4877 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5318 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5318 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5351 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5351 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5372 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5372 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5449 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5449 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5987 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5987 Référence CVE CVE-2025-66199 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66199 Référence CVE CVE-2025-68160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6816

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-47268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47291 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47291 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47906 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47906 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47907 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47907 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47910 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47910 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4802 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4802 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48060 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48734 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4877 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48964 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48964 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48989 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48989 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49014 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49014 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49124 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49124 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0907Multiples vulnérabilités dans Oracle MySQL

curité Oracle MySQL cpuoct2025 du 21 octobre 2025 https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html Référence CVE CVE-2024-12133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-12133 Référence CVE CVE-2024-12718 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-12718 Référence CVE CVE-2024-35195 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-35195 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4138 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4138 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4330 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4330 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4877 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49795 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53040 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53040 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53042 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53042 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53044 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53044 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53045 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0756Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ERecord?id=CVE-2025-46701 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4673 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4673 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4674 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4674 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47268 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47907 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47907 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4802 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4802 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48060 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48734 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4877 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48964 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48964 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48989 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48989 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49124 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49124 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49125 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0622Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

VERecord?id=CVE-2025-4516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4575 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4575 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46701 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46727 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4673 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4673 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47290 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47290 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48060 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48734 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4877 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4878 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48976 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48976 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49014 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49014 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49124 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49124 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49125 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
< 0.11.2
Fixed
libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-devel-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-config-0:0.10.4-18.el9.noarch as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debuginfo-0:0.10.4-18.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); libssh-debugsource-0:0.10.4-18.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); and 2 more
Action
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 20 Aug 2025 · Last source change 31 Aug 2026, 11:28 UTC · CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-28257
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-28257↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-4877 · cve.blacktree.nl