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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-48572High confidence

Android Framework Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Android · Framework

7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Mitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-23 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 2 Dec 2025

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.26% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Android Framework and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-201776

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to launch activities from the background due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 2 Dec 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
7.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
2 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0379Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Google Android en Samsung Mobile
Recommended actionMitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-23 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
01

What, why and how

Android Framework contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

What

Android Framework contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

What

Android Framework contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-12-02.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Missing Authentication for Critical Function → gain additional privileges
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-306 ↗

CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function. The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
Privilege escalationCWE-306CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-201776Known-exploited evidence recorded

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to launch activities from the background due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2711Android Patchday Dezember 2025: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Google Android ausnutzen, um sich erweiterte Berechtigungen zu verschaffen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder andere nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-799Android security advisory – December 2025 monthly rollup (AV25-799)

On December 1, 2025, Android published a security bulletin to address vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. On December 2, 2025, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added CVE-2025-48572 and CVE-2025-48633 to their Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Database.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251210Security Bulletin 10 Dec 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 10 Dec 2025, published on 10 December 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1056Multiples vulnérabilités dans Google Android

ère version 02 décembre 2025 Source(s) Bulletin de sécurité Google Android du 01 décembre 2025 Une gestion de version détaillée se trouve à la fin de ce document. Risques Atteinte à la confidentialité des données Déni de service Élévation de privilèges Systèmes affectés Android versions antérieures à 13, 14, 15 et 16 avant le correctif du 1 décembre 2025 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Google Android. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une élévation de privilèges, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et un déni de service. Google indique que les vulnérabilités CVE-2025-48633 et CVE-2025-48572 sont activement exploitées. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Google Android du 01 décembre 2025 https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-12-01?hl=fr Référence CVE CVE-2023-40130 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40130 Référence CVE CVE-2024-35970 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-35970 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11131 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11131 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11132 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11132 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecor

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-021547Google の Android における重要な機能に対する認証の欠如に関する脆弱性

Google の Android には、重要な機能に対する認証の欠如に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6635안드로이드OS 보안 업데이트 권고

Android Framework에서 발생하는 권한 상승 취약점(CVE-2025-48572)

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6632美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-12-02)

Android Framework contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0379Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Google Android en Samsung Mobile

De kwetsbaarheden zijn voornamelijk gerelateerd aan onjuiste invoervalidatie, wat kan resulteren in systeemcrashes en remote denial of service-aanvallen via kwaadaardige basisstations zonder dat gebruikersinteractie vereist is. Dit vormt een risico voor de stabiliteit en integriteit van de systemen die deze technologie gebruiken. Google meldt informatie te hebben ontvangen dat de kwetsbaarheden met kenmerk CVE-2025-48633 en CVE-2025-48572 beperkt en gericht zijn misbruikt. Deze kwetsbaarheden bevinden zich in het Android Framework en stellen een kwaadwillende in staat zich verhoogde rechten toe te kennen en toegang te krijgen tot gevoelige gegevens. Voor zover bekend moet voor succesvol misbruik de kwaadwillende het slachtoffer misleiden een malafide app te installeren.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Mitigation available
Affected
Android: 16, 15, 14, 13
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Android: 2025-12-01 patch
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 8 Dec 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 16:57 UTC · CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-201776
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: knvd.krcert.or.kr/detail?id=6932aa9fc689017ea59274b1.
    Before
    remediation: knvd.krcert.or.kr/detail?id=6932aa9fc689017ea59274b1 · vendor advisory: source.android.com/2025-12-01
    After
    vendor advisory: source.android.com/2025-12-01
    security@android.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    security@android.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    16; 15; 14; 13 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Android: 16, 15, 14, 13 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    KISA KrCERT/CC ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-201776↗KISA KrCERT/CC remediation guidance↗CISA KEV record↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-48572 · cve.blacktree.nl