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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-48385High confidence

Git alllows arbitrary file writes via bundle-uri parameter injection

git · git

8.6HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivegitVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3Canonical record ↗Source updated 10 Sept 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-48385 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitygit: Git arbitrary file writes
13 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • emacs-git as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • emacs-git-el as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-all as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-cvs as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-daemon as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-email as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-gui as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git-svn as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • git.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • gitk as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • gitweb as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Summary
A bundled uri handling flaw was found in Git. When cloning a repository, Git knows to optionally fetch a bundle advertised by the remote server, which allows the server side to offload parts of the clone to a CDN. The Git client does not perform sufficient validation of the advertised bundles, which allows the remote side to perform protocol injection.
Remediation
The RHEL-8 based Middleware Containers container images provided by this update can be downloaded from the Red Hat Container Registry at registry.access.redhat.com. Installation instructions for your platform are available at Red Hat Container Catalog (see References). Dockerfiles and scripts should be amended either to refer to this new image specifically, or to the latest image generally.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-20678

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When cloning a repository Git knows to optionally fetch a bundle advertised by the remote server, which allows the server-side to offload parts of the clone to a CDN. The Git client does not perform sufficient validation of the advertised bundles, which allows the remote side to perform protocol injection. This protocol injection can cause the client to write the fetched bundle to a location controlled by the adversary. The fetched content is fully controlled by the server, which can in the worst case lead to arbitrary code execution. The use of bundle URIs is not enabled by default and can be controlled by the bundle.heuristic config option. Some cases of the vulnerability require that the adversary is in control of where a repository will be cloned to. This either requires social engineering or a recursive clone with submodules. These cases can thus be avoided by disabling recursive clones. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.

What

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When cloning a repository Git knows to optionally fetch a bundle advertised by the remote server, which allows the server-side to offload parts of the clone to a CDN. The Git client does not perform sufficient validation of the advertised bundles, which allows the remote side to perform protocol injection. This protocol injection can cause the client to write the fetched bundle to a location controlled by the adversary. The fetched content is fully controlled by the server, which can in the worst case lead to arbitrary code execution. The use of bundle URIs is not enabled by default and can be controlled by the bundle.heuristic config option. Some cases of the vulnerability require that the adversary is in control of where a repository will be cloned to. This either requires social engineering or a recursive clone with submodules. These cases can thus be avoided by disabling recursive clones. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.

Why

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When cloning a repository Git knows to optionally fetch a bundle advertised by the remote server, which allows the server-side to offload parts of the clone to a CDN. The Git client does not perform sufficient validation of the advertised bundles, which allows the remote side to perform protocol injection. This protocol injection can cause the client to write the fetched bundle to a location controlled by the adversary. The fetched content is fully controlled by the server, which can in the worst case lead to arbitrary code execution. The use of bundle URIs is not enabled by default and can be controlled by the bundle.heuristic config option. Some cases of the vulnerability require that the adversary is in control of where a repository will be cloned to. This either requires social engineering or a recursive clone with submodules. These cases can thus be avoided by disabling recursive clones. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.

Why

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Active interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-88 ↗

CWE-88: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection'). The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIActiveUser interaction: A user must take a deliberate action for exploitation to succeed.VCHighVulnerable-system confidentiality: A successful attack can cause a major loss.VIHighVulnerable-system integrity: A successful attack can cause a major loss.VAHighVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkUnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-88
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-1905IBM QRadar SIEM Komponente: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM QRadar SIEM Komponenten ausnutzen, um Daten zu manipulieren, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, und um Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-1485Microsoft Developer Tools und git: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft Visual Studio Code und git ausnutzen, um Administratorrechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Daten zu manipulieren, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen und andere nicht spezifizierte Auswirkungen zu verursachen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0746Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ecord?id=CVE-2025-38086 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4373 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4373 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4447 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4447 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46835 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46835 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47935 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47935 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47944 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48060 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48384 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48384 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48385 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48385 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48976 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48976 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48997 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48997 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49794 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49796 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49796 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50059 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50059 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50106 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50106 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52434 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52520 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0579Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Microsoft

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Microsoft. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0217Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Microsoft Visual Studio

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om zich verhoogde rechten toe te kennen, of willekeurige code uit te voeren. Een deel van de kwetsbaarheden zijn eerder verholpen in de code van diverse open source projecten gerelateerd aan GIT. Visual Studio maakt gebruik van deze code. Voor succesvol misbruik moet de kwaadwillende het slachtoffer misleiden malafide code te importeren en uitvoeren.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
emacs-git as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; emacs-git-el as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-all as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-cvs as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-daemon as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-email as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-gui as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git-svn as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; git.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; gitk as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; gitweb as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; perl-Git as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Fixed
rhpam-7/rhpam-businesscentral-monitoring-rhel8@sha256:26a7fe83f3a34f02c2d0fdb0c67958166d79e47d264e7538e7c041c73af8406b_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-businesscentral-rhel8@sha256:b4804f253e75441ba011a85a38673f1499b11df42e7d63a5d850e2e7f99c4f63_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-controller-rhel8@sha256:b6344cd0cfa033dca638dffa1d6f05b1b44c49cec805a4bead4bb31e967152e7_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-dashbuilder-rhel8@sha256:47dacb456c1349638195e8d1a13224f63c1675199fc819803b50b617b9442c60_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-kieserver-rhel8@sha256:1b23a90b54af8f3d61cd9b1cad05cf30f0225af6d8cf1f833e21b0630623070a_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-operator-bundle@sha256:b005ca81fb10121bed0422266e415164d58fc48d85e1fe5b4d36a3a222c249f1_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-process-migration-rhel8@sha256:3c56a1235f0a61744b38b4b579b91b179ba07ae001ead41c64579bd9fd1b4f9c_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-rhel8-operator@sha256:add1edfb633e14a4d23794b80ca0d3f96720d33e11c132580d7b58bf29f9a167_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhpam-7/rhpam-smartrouter-rhel8@sha256:63fad8909d38e5f5e5bdb539f025bd95f1d2ec7cc6b6ee5e9b48e36036d19484_amd64 as a component of Middleware Containers for OpenShift; rhcos-x86_64-413.92.202509030117-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13; rhcos-aarch64-414.92.202508270040-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14; rhcos-ppc64le-414.92.202508270040-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14; rhcos-s390x-414.92.202508270040-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14; rhcos-x86_64-414.92.202508270040-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14; rhcos-aarch64-415.92.202508192014-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15; rhcos-ppc64le-415.92.202508192014-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15; rhcos-s390x-415.92.202508192014-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15; rhcos-x86_64-415.92.202508192014-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15; rhcos-aarch64-416.94.202508261955-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16; rhcos-ppc64le-416.94.202508261955-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16; rhcos-s390x-416.94.202508261955-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16; rhcos-x86_64-416.94.202508261955-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16; rhcos-aarch64-417.94.202508141510-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17; rhcos-ppc64le-417.94.202508141510-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17; rhcos-s390x-417.94.202508141510-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17; rhcos-x86_64-417.94.202508141510-0 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17; rhcos@sha256:09d62510dd6eba82e954b888e107df450517479fbceecb6397b24aab72ada998_aarch64 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18; rhcos@sha256:09d62510dd6eba82e954b888e107df450517479fbceecb6397b24aab72ada998_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18; rhcos@sha256:09d62510dd6eba82e954b888e107df450517479fbceecb6397b24aab72ada998_s390x as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18; rhcos@sha256:09d62510dd6eba82e954b888e107df450517479fbceecb6397b24aab72ada998_x86_64 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18; and 315 more
Action
The RHEL-8 based Middleware Containers container images provided by this update can be downloaded from the Red Hat Container Registry at registry.access.redhat.com. Installation instructions for your platform are available at Red Hat Container Catalog (see References). Dockerfiles and scripts should be amended either to refer to this new image specifically, or to the latest image generally.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 8 Jul 2025 · Last source change 4 Nov 2025, 21:11 UTC · CWE-88 · Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-20678
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-20678↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-48385 · cve.blacktree.nl