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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-47947High confidence

ModSecurity Has Possible DoS Vulnerability

owasp-modsecurity · ModSecurity

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-859R-VVV8-RM8R ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 22 May 2025

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.60% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs owasp-modsecurity ModSecurity and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcemodsecurity-apacheVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.9.9-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcemodsecurity-apacheVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.9.7-1+deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcemodsecurity-apacheVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.9.9-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcemodsecurity-apacheVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.9.9-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appsmodsecurity-apacheVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.2.9.7-1ubuntu0.24.04.1~esm1Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-47947 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitymodsecurity: ModSecurity Has Possible DoS Vulnerability
224 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-debuginfo-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-devel-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-manual-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-selinux-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-tools-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-debuginfo-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_jk-0:1.2.50-9.redhat_1.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_jk-ap24-0:1.2.50-9.redhat_1.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
Summary
A flaw was found in the mod_security2 Apache2 module. Versions up to and including 2.9.8 are vulnerable to denial of service in one special case. In stable released versions, when the payload's content type is `application/json`, at least one rule performs a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action, a security control that automatically cleans or neutralizes specific patterns of potentially harmful data that prevents malicious input from reaching systems or sensitive information from leaking.
Remediation
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-16086

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. Versions up to and including 2.9.8 are vulnerable to denial of service in one special case (in stable released versions): when the payload's content type is `application/json`, and there is at least one rule which does a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action. A patch is available at pull request 3389 and expected to be part of version 2.9.9. No known workarounds are available.

What

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. Versions up to and including 2.9.8 are vulnerable to denial of service in one special case (in stable released versions): when the payload's content type is `application/json`, and there is at least one rule which does a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action. A patch is available at pull request 3389 and expected to be part of version 2.9.9. No known workarounds are available.

Why

The product has a loop body or loop condition that contains a control element that directly or indirectly consumes platform resources, e.g. messaging, sessions, locks, or file descriptors.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. Versions up to and including 2.9.8 are vulnerable to denial of service in one special case (in stable released versions): when the payload's content type is `application/json`, and there is at least one rule which does a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action. A patch is available at pull request 3389 and expected to be part of version 2.9.9. No known workarounds are available.

Why

The product has a loop body or loop condition that contains a control element that directly or indirectly consumes platform resources, e.g. messaging, sessions, locks, or file descriptors.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-1050 ↗

CWE-1050: Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop. The product has a loop body or loop condition that contains a control element that directly or indirectly consumes platform resources, e.g. messaging, sessions, locks, or file descriptors.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-1050Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1118OWASP ModSecurity: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Denial of Service

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in OWASP ModSecurity ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250528Security Bulletin 28 May 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 28 May 2025, published on 28 May 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-007382Trustwave の ModSecurity におけるループ内の過剰なプラットフォームリソース消費に関する脆弱性

Trustwave の ModSecurity には、ループ内の過剰なプラットフォームリソース消費に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
ModSecurity: <= 2.9.8
Fixed
Action
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 21 May 2025 · Last source change 22 May 2025, 15:51 UTC · CWE-1050 · Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-16086
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    <= 2.9.8 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    <= 2.9.8 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-16086↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference · GitHub GHSA-859R-VVV8-RM8R↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-47947 · cve.blacktree.nl