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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-43529High confidence

Apple Multiple Products Use-After-Free WebKit Vulnerability

Apple · Multiple Products

8.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Protect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2026-01-05 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

2 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveqtwebkit-opensource-srcUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.2.50.4-0ubuntu0.24.04.1Canonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-203963

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.2, iOS 18.7.3 and iPadOS 18.7.3, iOS 26.2 and iPadOS 26.2, macOS Tahoe 26.2, tvOS 26.2, visionOS 26.2, watchOS 26.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 26. CVE-2025-14174 was also issued in response to this report.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 15 Dec 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
8.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
24 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23970Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0397Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2026-0063Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:4528-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23974Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23971Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23700Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0396Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23972Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2026:20102-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2026:0021-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2026-0064Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS
  • csaf_opensuse · openSUSE-SU-2026:20065-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23969Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23975Red Hat Security Advisory: webkitgtk4 security update
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:4527-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23967Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23968Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23973Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:23663Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
Recommended actionProtect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2026-01-05 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a use-after-free vulnerability in WebKit. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a use-after-free vulnerability in WebKit. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a use-after-free vulnerability in WebKit. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-12-15.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Use After Free → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-416 ↗

CWE-416: Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-416CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-203963Known-exploited evidence recorded

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.2, iOS 18.7.3 and iPadOS 18.7.3, iOS 26.2 and iPadOS 26.2, macOS Tahoe 26.2, tvOS 26.2, visionOS 26.2, watchOS 26.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 26. CVE-2025-14174 was also issued in response to this report.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2838Apple macOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, und um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-0402Apple iOS und iPadOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS und Apple iPadOS ausnutzen, um Administratorrechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder andere nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2026-0403Apple macOS Tahoe, Sequoia und Sonoma: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS ausnutzen, um Administratorrechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand herbeizuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder andere nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2891WebKitGTK: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Codeausführung und DoS

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in WebKitGTK ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen oder einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2836Apple iOS und iPadOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS und Apple iPadOS ausnutzen, um sich erhöhte Berechtigungen zu verschaffen – inklusive Root-Rechten –, um Denial-of-Service-Angriffe oder Speicherbeschädigungen durchzuführen, um Spoofing-Angriffe durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um beliebigen Code auszuführen oder um andere, nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2837Apple Safari: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple Safari ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen, Speicherbeschädigungen durchzuführen und andere, nicht spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0158Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

e 126352 du 11 février 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/126352 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 126353 du 11 février 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/126353 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 126354 du 11 février 2026 https://support.apple.com/en-us/126354 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14174 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14174 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43338 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43338 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43402 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43402 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43403 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43403 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43417 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43417 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43529 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43529 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43533 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43533 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43537 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43537 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46283 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46290 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46290 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46300 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46300 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46301 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46301 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46302 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46302 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46303 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1110Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

versions 18.7.x antérieures à 18.7.3 iPadOS versions 26.x antérieures à 26.2 macOS Sequoia versions antérieures à 15.7.3 macOS Sonoma versions antérieures à 14.8.3 macOS Tahoe versions antérieures à 26.2 Safari versions antérieures à 26.2 tvOS versions antérieures à 26.2 visionOS versions antérieures à 26.2 watchOS versions antérieures à 26.2 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apple. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance. Apple indique que les vulnérabilités CVE-2025-14174 et CVE-2025-43529 sont activement exploitées. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125884 du 12 décembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125884 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125885 du 12 décembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125885 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125886 du 12 décembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125886 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125887 du 12 décembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125887 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125888 du 12 décembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125888 Bulletin de sécurité Ap

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0397Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS

Recent updates addressed a use-after-free vulnerability and a memory corruption issue by enhancing memory management and implementing improved validation measures.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0396Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS

Recent updates addressed a use-after-free vulnerability and a memory corruption issue by enhancing memory management and implementing improved validation measures.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0064Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS

The webkit2gtk3 update to version 2.50.4 addresses multiple security vulnerabilities, including use-after-free and memory corruption issues, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution through malicious web content.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0063Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS

The webkit2gtk3 update to version 2.50.4 addresses multiple security vulnerabilities, including use-after-free and memory corruption issues, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution through malicious web content.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
< 26.2; < 18.7.3
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 17 Dec 2025 · Last source change 2 Apr 2026, 18:18 UTC · CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-203963
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-203963↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-43529 · cve.blacktree.nl