BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-43433High confidence

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling

Apple · Safari

8.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 1.17% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apple Safari and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

10 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 2 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1~deb13u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcewpewebkitAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1~deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcewpewebkitAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcewpewebkitVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcewpewebkitVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.50.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveqtwebkit-opensource-srcUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.2.50.2-0ubuntu0.24.04.2Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-43433 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitywebkitgtk: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption
11 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • webkitgtk as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • webkitgtk-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • webkitgtk-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • webkitgtk.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • webkitgtk4 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4-jsc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4-jsc-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4-plugin-process-gtk2 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • webkitgtk4.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Summary
A flaw was found in WebKitGTK. Processing malicious web content can cause memory corruption due to improper memory handling.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-37688

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
8.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

What

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

Why

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

Why

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-119 ↗

CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer. The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-119
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37688Official EUVD mapping

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2475Apple macOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, um Dateien zu manipulieren, und um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0782WebKitGTK: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in WebKitGTK ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen oder vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2473Apple iOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS und Apple iPadOS ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, potentiell Code auszuführen und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2480Apple Safari: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple Safari ausnutzen, um Spoofing-Angriffe durchzuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen und Speicherbeschädigungen durchzuführen, was möglicherweise zur Ausführung von beliebigem Code führen kann.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251105Security Bulletin 05 Nov 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 05 Nov 2025, published on 5 November 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0974Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apple iOS et iPadOS

d?id=CVE-2025-43386 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43389 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43389 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43392 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43392 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43398 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43398 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43399 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43399 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43418 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43418 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43423 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43423 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43429 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43431 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43431 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43433 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43433 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43434 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43438 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43438 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43439 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43439 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43441 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43441 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43442 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43442 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43443 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43443 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43444 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0961Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

d?id=CVE-2025-43423 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43424 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43424 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43425 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43425 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43426 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43426 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43427 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43427 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43429 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43430 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43430 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43431 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43431 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43432 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43432 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43433 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43433 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43434 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43436 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43436 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43438 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43438 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43439 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43439 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43440 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43440 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43441 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43441 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43442 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-020582複数のアップル製品における境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性

Safari、iPadOS、iOS 等複数のアップル製品には、境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0351Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple MacOS

Apple has addressed memory corruption vulnerabilities in Safari and iOS 26.1 through enhanced memory management techniques.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0352Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple iOS en iPadOS

Apple has addressed memory corruption vulnerabilities in Safari and iOS 26.1 through enhanced memory management techniques.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
Official vendor articles1 stored document

Linked articles are downloaded and versioned as source evidence. A CVE mention or approved update relationship does not, by itself, verify a fix for every product branch.

  • About the security content of macOS Tahoe 26.1 - Apple Support →Original publisher ↗Searchable text snapshot · Captured 29 Sep 2026Apple Store Mac iPad iPhone Watch Vision AirPods TV & Home Entertainment Accessories Support 0 + "},{"name":"compact","assetInline":" "}],"analyticsAttributes":[{"name":"data-analytics-title","value":"apple home"}]},{"id":"ad4a2a26eb4836393385e9f6c61b526b4a3cb31409c5ed8730ce7a704dd7132f","name":"store","te
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 4 Nov 2025 · Last source change 1 Sept 2026, 12:04 UTC · CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37688
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: support.apple.com/125632.
    Before
    no authoritative guidance recorded
    After
    remediation: support.apple.com/125632
    CNA ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 26.1; < 18.7.2 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Safari: < 26.1; iOS and iPadOS: < 18.7.2, < 26.1; macOS: < 26.1; tvOS: < 26.1; visionOS: < 26.1; watchOS: < 26.1 · Fixed: RHSA-2025:22789: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)
    CNA ↗
  3. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37688↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-43433 · cve.blacktree.nl