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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-43300High confidence

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Apple · iOS, iPadOS, and macOS

10.0CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Mitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-09-11 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 32.50% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-25409

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 21 Aug 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
10.0 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
1 linked advisory record
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0266Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in Apple MacOS, iOS en iPadOS
Recommended actionMitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-09-11 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
01

What, why and how

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Image I/O framework.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Image I/O framework.

Why

A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Image I/O framework.

Why

A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-08-21.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Out-of-bounds Write → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-787 ↗

CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write. The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-787CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-25409Known-exploited evidence recorded

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1876Apple iOS, iPadOS und macOS: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Codeausführung

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Apple iOS, Apple iPadOS und Apple macOS ausnutzen, um eine Memory-Corruption zu verursachen und möglicherweise beliebigen Code auszuführen oder andere nicht näher spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-559WhatsApp security advisory (AV25-559)

On August 29, 2025, WhatsApp published a security bulletin to address a vulnerability in the following products: The advisory publisher referenced CVE-2025-43300 which Apple has indicated may have been exploited.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-533Apple security advisory (AV25-533)

On August 20, 2025, Apple published security updates to address a vulnerability in the following products: Apple has indicated that CVE-2025-43300 may have been exploited.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250828Security Bulletin 27 Aug 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 27 Aug 2025, published on 28 August 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0791Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

sions 18.x antérieures à 18.7 iPadOS versions antérieures à 26 macOS Sequoia versions antérieures à 15.7 macOS Sonoma versions antérieures à 14.8 macOS Tahoe versions antérieures à 26 Safari versions antérieures à 26 tvOS versions antérieures à 26 visionOS versions antérieures à 26 watchOS versions antérieures à 26 Xcode versions antérieures à 26 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apple. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données. Apple indique que la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-43300 est activement exploitée. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125108 du 15 septembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125108 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125109 du 15 septembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125109 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125110 du 15 septembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125111 du 15 septembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125111 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 125112 du 15 septembre 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/125112 Bulletin de sécurité

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0716Vulnérabilité dans les produits Apple

Une vulnérabilité a été découverte dans les produits Apple. Elle permet à un attaquant de provoquer un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur. Apple indique que la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-43300 est activement exploitée dans le cadre d'attaques ciblées.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-012340複数のアップル製品における境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性

アップルの iPadOS、iOS、macOS には、境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6566Apple 제품 보안 업데이트 권고

iOS, iPadOS, macOS Sequoia, macOS Sonoma, macOS Ventura에서 발생하는 범위를 벗어난 쓰기 취약점(CVE-2025-43300) [2][3][4][5][6][9]

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6565美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-08-21)

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Image I/O framework.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0266Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in Apple MacOS, iOS en iPadOS

De kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in de wijze waarop de systemen omgaan met het verwerken van kwaadaardige afbeeldingsbestanden, wat kan leiden tot geheugen corruptie. Dit probleem is aangepakt door verbeterde controles op geheugenlimieten. Apple geeft aan informatie te hebben dat deze kwetsbaarheid beperkt en zeer gericht actief is misbruikt. Op het internet is proof-of-conceptcode (PoC-code) verschenen waarmee de kwetsbaarheid kan worden misbruikt. Het bestaan van een PoC vergroot de kans op misbruik. Het NCSC heeft de werking van het PoC echter niet geverifieerd.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Mitigation available
Affected
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web link and apply the necessary updates.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 21 Aug 2025 · Last source change 2 Apr 2026, 18:17 UTC · CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-25409
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: cyber.gc.ca/whatsapp-security-advisory-av25-559.
    Before
    remediation: cyber.gc.ca/whatsapp-security-advisory-av25-559 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/124925 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/124926 · 5 more references
    After
    vendor advisory: support.apple.com/124925 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/124926 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/124927 · 4 more references
    product-security@apple.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    product-security@apple.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 15.8.5; < 16.7.12; < 18.6.2; < 17.7.10; < 13.7.8; < 14.7.8; < 15.6.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    iOS and iPadOS: < 15.8.5, < 16.7.12, < 18.6.2; iPadOS: < 17.7.10; macOS: < 13.7.8, < 14.7.8, < 15.6.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-25409↗Canadian Centre for Cyber Security remediation guidance↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-43300 · cve.blacktree.nl