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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2025-41118High confidence

Sensitive COS `SecretKey` exposed in plaintext via configuration API due to missing type protection

Grafana · Pyroscope

9.1CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.41% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Grafana Pyroscope and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges4 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
Gogithub.com/grafana/pyroscopeSEMVER: introduced 0; fixed 1.15.21.15.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
Gogithub.com/grafana/pyroscopeSEMVER: introduced 1.16.0; fixed 1.16.11.16.1OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
gogithub.com/grafana/pyroscope< 1.15.21.15.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 27 Apr 2026
gogithub.com/grafana/pyroscope>= 1.16.0, < 1.16.11.16.1GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 27 Apr 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-41118 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitypyroscope: sensitive COS SecretKey exposed in plaintext via configuration API due to missing type protection
2 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2
  • rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6
Summary
A flaw was found in Pyroscope. When Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS) is configured as the storage backend, an attacker with access to the Pyroscope API can extract the `secret_key` value in plaintext. This issue leads to sensitive information disclosure.
Remediation
For more details, see the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes documentation: https://docs.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_advanced_cluster_management_for_kubernetes/2.16/html/multicluster_global_hub/index
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-209489

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

Pyroscope is an open-source continuous profiling database. The database supports various storage backends, including Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS). If the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs direct access to the Pyroscope API. We highly recommend limiting the public internet exposure of all our databases, such that they are only accessible by trusted users or internal systems. This vulnerability is fixed in versions: 1.15.x: 1.15.2 and above. 1.16.x: 1.16.1 and above. 1.17.x: 1.17.0 and above (i.e. all versions). Thanks to Théo Cusnir for reporting this vulnerability to us via our bug bounty program.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
9.1 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Pyroscope is an open-source continuous profiling database. The database supports various storage backends, including Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS). If the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs direct access to the Pyroscope API. We highly recommend limiting the public internet exposure of all our databases, such that they are only accessible by trusted users or internal systems. This vulnerability is fixed in versions: 1.15.x: 1.15.2 and above. 1.16.x: 1.16.1 and above. 1.17.x: 1.17.0 and above (i.e. all versions). Thanks to Théo Cusnir for reporting this vulnerability to us via our bug bounty program.

What

Pyroscope is an open-source continuous profiling database. The database supports various storage backends, including Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS). If the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs direct access to the Pyroscope API. We highly recommend limiting the public internet exposure of all our databases, such that they are only accessible by trusted users or internal systems. This vulnerability is fixed in versions: 1.15.x: 1.15.2 and above. 1.16.x: 1.16.1 and above. 1.17.x: 1.17.0 and above (i.e. all versions). Thanks to Théo Cusnir for reporting this vulnerability to us via our bug bounty program.

Why

The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Pyroscope is an open-source continuous profiling database. The database supports various storage backends, including Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS). If the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs direct access to the Pyroscope API. We highly recommend limiting the public internet exposure of all our databases, such that they are only accessible by trusted users or internal systems. This vulnerability is fixed in versions: 1.15.x: 1.15.2 and above. 1.16.x: 1.16.1 and above. 1.17.x: 1.17.0 and above (i.e. all versions). Thanks to Théo Cusnir for reporting this vulnerability to us via our bug bounty program.

Why

The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-732 ↗

CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource. The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-732
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-209489Official EUVD mapping

Pyroscope is an open-source continuous profiling database. The database supports various storage backends, including Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS). If the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs direct access to the Pyroscope API. We highly recommend limiting the public internet exposure of all our databases, such that they are only accessible by trusted users or internal systems. This vulnerability is fixed in versions: 1.15.x: 1.15.2 and above. 1.16.x: 1.16.1 and above. 1.17.x: 1.17.0 and above (i.e. all versions). Thanks to Théo Cusnir for reporting this vulnerability to us via our bug bounty program.

Official EUVD record ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260422Security Bulletin 22 April 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 22 April 2026, published on 22 April 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-011876Grafana LabsのGrafana Pyroscopeにおける重要なリソースに対する不適切なパーミッションの割り当てに関する脆弱性

Pyroscopeはオープンソースの継続的プロファイリングデータベースです。このデータベースはTencent Cloud Object Storage（COS）を含むさまざまなストレージバックエンドをサポートしています。データベースがTencent COSをストレージバックエンドとして使用するように構成されている場合、攻撃者はPyroscope APIからsecret_keyの設定値を取得できます。この脆弱性を悪用するには、攻撃者がPyroscope APIに直接アクセスできる必要があります。全てのデータベースがパブリックインターネットに公開されることを制限し、信頼できるユーザーまたは内部システムのみがアクセス可能になるようにすることを強く推奨します。この脆弱性は以下のバージョンで修正されています。1.15.x系では1.15.2以上、1.16.x系では1.16.1以上、1.17.x系では1.17.0以上（すべてのバージョン）です。この脆弱性をバグバウンティプログラムを通じて報告してくれたTheo Cusnirに感謝します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
For more details, see the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes documentation: https://docs.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_advanced_cluster_management_for_kubernetes/2.16/html/multicluster_global_hub/index
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 15 Apr 2026 · Last source change 27 Aug 2026, 17:22 UTC · CWE-732 · Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-209489
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0
    After
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.3; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.3; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.3; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.3
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: grafana.com/cve-2025-41118; removed patch: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-41118; removed remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-41118.
    Before
    patch: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-41118 · remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-41118 · vendor advisory: grafana.com/cve-2025-41118
    After
    remediation: grafana.com/cve-2025-41118 · vendor advisory: grafana.com/cve-2025-41118
    security@grafana.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    1.0.0 < 1.16.0 · Fixed: For more details, see the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes documentation: https://docs.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_advanced_cluster_management_for_kubernetes/2.16/html/multicluster_global_hub/index
    After
    Pyroscope: 1.0.0 < 1.16.0 · Fixed: RHSA-2026:24503: Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0
    CNA ↗
  4. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    1.0.0 < 1.16.0 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    1.0.0 < 1.16.0 · Fixed: For more details, see the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes documentation: https://docs.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_advanced_cluster_management_for_kubernetes/2.16/html/multicluster_global_hub/index
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  5. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  6. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2
    After
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  7. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.0
    After
    rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2; rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 · Fixed: registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:0d6c621066cdc9c428c9286b7dd8ce0eed831de27b385c17e3761a1d411e034b_s390x as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:1f04b37cd35946131e8dd90bcec49796ae6f431d4a800b5c6de8162ab6fe0d8e_ppc64le as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:3a7f09a334a51b8f8d2da9871cc28d29de6c32cdfa12ccd38f43d101f18dcfff_arm64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2; registry.redhat.io/multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9@sha256:90153b5c4c5deeb7abadc7ac8ebb96b9ac72825ef609e8a172cb6866f3db351d_amd64 as a component of Multicluster Global Hub 1.7.2
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-209489↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-41118 · cve.blacktree.nl