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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-40602High confidence

SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Vulnerability

SonicWall · SMA1000 appliance

6.6MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Mitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-24 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Critical, raised 2 bands.upgradedsince 17 Dec 2025

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • EPSS is 2.76% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs SonicWall SMA1000 appliance and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-204255

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 17 Dec 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
6.6 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionMitigate now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-12-24 as the remediation due date.

Mitigation available
01

What, why and how

SonicWall SMA1000 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that could allow for privilege escalation appliance management console (AMC) of affected devices.

What

SonicWall SMA1000 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that could allow for privilege escalation appliance management console (AMC) of affected devices.

Why

The application reaches a protected operation without first confirming that the requester is authorised.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

What

SonicWall SMA1000 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that could allow for privilege escalation appliance management console (AMC) of affected devices.

Why

The application reaches a protected operation without first confirming that the requester is authorised.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-12-17.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Missing Authorization → gain additional privileges
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-862 ↗

CWE-862: Missing Authorization. The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkPrivilege escalationCWE-862CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-204255Known-exploited evidence recorded

A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2873SonicWall SMA1000 (AMC): Schwachstelle ermöglicht Privilegieneskalation

Ein entfernter, authentisierter Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in SonicWall SMA ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-845SonicWall security advisory (AV25-845) – Update 1

On December 17, 2025, SonicWall published a security advisory to address a vulnerability in the following product: Update 1

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251224Security Bulletin 24 Dec 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 24 Dec 2025, published on 24 December 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1121Vulnérabilité dans Sonicwall Secure Mobile Access

Une vulnérabilité a été découverte dans Sonicwall Secure Mobile Access. Elle permet à un attaquant de provoquer une élévation de privilèges. Sonicwall indique que cette vulnérabilité est exploitée conjointement avec la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-23006 qui permet une exécution de code arbitraire à distance.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-022669複数の SonicWALL 製品における不要な特権による実行に関する脆弱性

SMA6200 ファームウェア、SMA6210 ファームウェア、SMA7200 ファームウェア等複数の SonicWALL 製品には、不要な特権による実行に関する脆弱性、認証の欠如に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6648美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-12-17)

SonicWall SMA1000 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that could allow for privilege escalation appliance management console (AMC) of affected devices.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Mitigation available
Affected
SMA1000: 12.4.3-03093 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions, 12.5.0-02002 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web links and apply the necessary updates.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 18 Dec 2025 · Last source change 18 Dec 2025, 11:32 UTC · CWE-862 · Missing Authorization

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-204255
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: cyber.gc.ca/sonicwall-security-advisory-av25-845.
    Before
    remediation: cyber.gc.ca/sonicwall-security-advisory-av25-845 · vendor advisory: psirt.global.sonicwall.com/SNWLID-2025-0019
    After
    vendor advisory: psirt.global.sonicwall.com/SNWLID-2025-0019
    PSIRT@sonicwall.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    PSIRT@sonicwall.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    12.4.3-03093 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions; 12.5.0-02002 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    SMA1000: 12.4.3-03093 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions, 12.5.0-02002 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-204255↗Canadian Centre for Cyber Security remediation guidance↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-40602 · cve.blacktree.nl