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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-40241High confidence

erofs: fix crafted invalid cases for encoded extents

Linux · Linux

7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

11 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-aws-6.17Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gcp-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-hwe-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidia-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oem-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oracle-6.17Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspi-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-riscvAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-201218

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix crafted invalid cases for encoded extents Robert recently reported two corrupted images that can cause system crashes, which are related to the new encoded extents introduced in Linux 6.15: - The first one [1] has plen != 0 (e.g. plen == 0x2000000) but (plen & Z_EROFS_EXTENT_PLEN_MASK) == 0. It is used to represent special extents such as sparse extents (!EROFS_MAP_MAPPED), but previously only plen == 0 was handled; - The second one [2] has pa 0xffffffffffdcffed and plen 0xb4000, then "cur [0xfffffffffffff000] += bvec.bv_len [0x1000]" in "} while ((cur += bvec.bv_len) < end);" wraps around, causing an out-of-bound access of pcl->compressed_bvecs[] in z_erofs_submit_queue(). EROFS only supports 48-bit physical block addresses (up to 1EiB for 4k blocks), so add a sanity check to enforce this.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix crafted invalid cases for encoded extents Robert recently reported two corrupted images that can cause system crashes, which are related to the new encoded extents introduced in Linux 6.15: - The first one [1] has plen != 0 (e.g. plen == 0x2000000) but (plen & Z_EROFS_EXTENT_PLEN_MASK) == 0. It is used to represent special extents such as sparse extents (!EROFS_MAP_MAPPED), but previously only plen == 0 was handled; - The second one [2] has pa 0xffffffffffdcffed and plen 0xb4000, then "cur [0xfffffffffffff000] += bvec.bv_len [0x1000]" in "} while ((cur += bvec.bv_len) < end);" wraps around, causing an out-of-bound access of pcl->compressed_bvecs[] in z_erofs_submit_queue(). EROFS only supports 48-bit physical block addresses (up to 1EiB for 4k blocks), so add a sanity check to enforce this.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix crafted invalid cases for encoded extents Robert recently reported two corrupted images that can cause system crashes, which are related to the new encoded extents introduced in Linux 6.15: - The first one [1] has plen != 0 (e.g. plen == 0x2000000) but (plen & Z_EROFS_EXTENT_PLEN_MASK) == 0. It is used to represent special extents such as sparse extents (!EROFS_MAP_MAPPED), but previously only plen == 0 was handled; - The second one [2] has pa 0xffffffffffdcffed and plen 0xb4000, then "cur [0xfffffffffffff000] += bvec.bv_len [0x1000]" in "} while ((cur += bvec.bv_len) < end);" wraps around, causing an out-of-bound access of pcl->compressed_bvecs[] in z_erofs_submit_queue(). EROFS only supports 48-bit physical block addresses (up to 1EiB for 4k blocks), so add a sanity check to enforce this.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → vulnerable operation → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration.
CWE not yet assigned
CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
Denial of service
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2747Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen im Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen oder weitere, nicht spezifizierte Auswirkungen zu erlangen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251210Security Bulletin 10 Dec 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 10 Dec 2025, published on 10 December 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0227Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2025-40231 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40233 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40233 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40234 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40235 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40236 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40237 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40237 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40238 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40238 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40239 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40239 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40240 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40240 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40241 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40241 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40242 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40243 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40243 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40244 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40245 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40245 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40256 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40256 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40267 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40267 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40268 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40269 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0194Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2025-40231 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40233 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40233 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40234 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40235 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40236 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40237 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40237 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40238 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40238 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40239 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40239 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40240 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40240 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40241 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40241 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40242 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40243 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40243 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40244 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40245 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40245 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40256 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40256 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40267 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40267 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40268 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40269 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0169Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2025-40231 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40233 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40233 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40234 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40235 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40236 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40237 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40237 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40238 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40238 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40239 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40239 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40240 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40240 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40241 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40241 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40242 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40243 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40243 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40244 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40245 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40245 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40256 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40256 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40267 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40267 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40268 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40269 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Linux: 1d191b4ca51d73699cb127386b95ac152af2b930 < 00d8fe0b72f4ca0a983abced36aad2160038c421, 1d191b4ca51d73699cb127386b95ac152af2b930 < a429b76114aaca3ef1aff4cd469dcf025431bd11, 6.15
Fixed
Linux: < 6.15, 6.17.6 ≤ 6.17.*, 6.18 ≤ *
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 4 Dec 2025 · Last source change 5 Aug 2026, 12:08 UTC · CWE not yet assigned

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-201218
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Missing structured fields: CWE classification. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-40241 · cve.blacktree.nl