Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
- EPSS is 0.15% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-38394High confidence
HID: appletb-kbd: fix memory corruption of input_handler_list
Linux · Linux
7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:Medium, lowered one band.downgradedsince 11 May 2026
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Linux Linux and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Canonical Ubuntu Security: 7 affected package states with no published fix
Distribution package intelligence
11 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Package result overrides the generic status
BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 7 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | linux | Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0). | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | linux | Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0). | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | linux | Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0). | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | linux | Not affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0). | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-azure-6.11 | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-gcp-6.11 | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-hwe-6.11 | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-raspi-realtime | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-realtime | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-riscv | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: appletb-kbd: fix memory corruption of input_handler_list In appletb_kbd_probe an input handler is initialised and then registered with input core through input_register_handler(). When this happens input core will add the input handler (specifically its node) to the global input_handler_list. The input_handler_list is central to the functionality of input core and is traversed in various places in input core. An example of this is when a new input device is plugged in and gets registered with input core. The input_handler in probe is allocated as device managed memory. If a probe failure occurs after input_register_handler() the input_handler memory is freed, yet it will remain in the input_handler_list. This effectively means the input_handler_list contains a dangling pointer to data belonging to a freed input handler. This causes an issue when any other input device is plugged in - in my case I had an old PixArt HP USB optical mouse and I decided to plug it in after a failure occurred after input_register_handler(). This lead to the registration of this input device via input_register_device which involves traversing over every handler in the corrupted input_handler_list and calling input_attach_handler(), giving each handler a chance to bind to newly registered device. The core of this bug is a UAF which causes memory corruption of input_handler_list and to fix it we must ensure the input handler is unregistered from input core, this is done through input_unregister_handler(). [ 63.191597] ================================================================== [ 63.192094] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888105ea7c80 by task kworker/0:2/54 [ 63.192094] [ 63.192094] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 54 Comm: kworker/0:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc2-00321-g2aa6621d [ 63.192094] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.164 [ 63.192094] Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event [ 63.192094] Call Trace: [ 63.192094] <TASK> [ 63.192094] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70 [ 63.192094] print_report+0xce/0x670 [ 63.192094] kasan_report+0xce/0x100 [ 63.192094] input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] input_register_device+0x76c/0xd00 [ 63.192094] hidinput_connect+0x686d/0xad60 [ 63.192094] hid_connect+0xf20/0x1b10 [ 63.192094] hid_hw_start+0x83/0x100 [ 63.192094] hid_device_probe+0x2d1/0x680 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] hid_add_device+0x30b/0x910 [ 63.192094] usbhid_probe+0x920/0xe00 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_interface+0x363/0x9a0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_set_configuration+0xd14/0x1880 [ 63.192094] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x78/0xb0 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_device+0xaa/0x2e0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_new_device+0x7b4/0x1000 [ 63.192094] hub_event+0x234d/0x3 ---truncated---
What
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: appletb-kbd: fix memory corruption of input_handler_list In appletb_kbd_probe an input handler is initialised and then registered with input core through input_register_handler(). When this happens input core will add the input handler (specifically its node) to the global input_handler_list. The input_handler_list is central to the functionality of input core and is traversed in various places in input core. An example of this is when a new input device is plugged in and gets registered with input core. The input_handler in probe is allocated as device managed memory. If a probe failure occurs after input_register_handler() the input_handler memory is freed, yet it will remain in the input_handler_list. This effectively means the input_handler_list contains a dangling pointer to data belonging to a freed input handler. This causes an issue when any other input device is plugged in - in my case I had an old PixArt HP USB optical mouse and I decided to plug it in after a failure occurred after input_register_handler(). This lead to the registration of this input device via input_register_device which involves traversing over every handler in the corrupted input_handler_list and calling input_attach_handler(), giving each handler a chance to bind to newly registered device. The core of this bug is a UAF which causes memory corruption of input_handler_list and to fix it we must ensure the input handler is unregistered from input core, this is done through input_unregister_handler(). [ 63.191597] ================================================================== [ 63.192094] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888105ea7c80 by task kworker/0:2/54 [ 63.192094] [ 63.192094] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 54 Comm: kworker/0:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc2-00321-g2aa6621d [ 63.192094] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.164 [ 63.192094] Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event [ 63.192094] Call Trace: [ 63.192094] <TASK> [ 63.192094] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70 [ 63.192094] print_report+0xce/0x670 [ 63.192094] kasan_report+0xce/0x100 [ 63.192094] input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] input_register_device+0x76c/0xd00 [ 63.192094] hidinput_connect+0x686d/0xad60 [ 63.192094] hid_connect+0xf20/0x1b10 [ 63.192094] hid_hw_start+0x83/0x100 [ 63.192094] hid_device_probe+0x2d1/0x680 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] hid_add_device+0x30b/0x910 [ 63.192094] usbhid_probe+0x920/0xe00 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_interface+0x363/0x9a0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_set_configuration+0xd14/0x1880 [ 63.192094] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x78/0xb0 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_device+0xaa/0x2e0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_new_device+0x7b4/0x1000 [ 63.192094] hub_event+0x234d/0x3 ---truncated---
Why
A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: appletb-kbd: fix memory corruption of input_handler_list In appletb_kbd_probe an input handler is initialised and then registered with input core through input_register_handler(). When this happens input core will add the input handler (specifically its node) to the global input_handler_list. The input_handler_list is central to the functionality of input core and is traversed in various places in input core. An example of this is when a new input device is plugged in and gets registered with input core. The input_handler in probe is allocated as device managed memory. If a probe failure occurs after input_register_handler() the input_handler memory is freed, yet it will remain in the input_handler_list. This effectively means the input_handler_list contains a dangling pointer to data belonging to a freed input handler. This causes an issue when any other input device is plugged in - in my case I had an old PixArt HP USB optical mouse and I decided to plug it in after a failure occurred after input_register_handler(). This lead to the registration of this input device via input_register_device which involves traversing over every handler in the corrupted input_handler_list and calling input_attach_handler(), giving each handler a chance to bind to newly registered device. The core of this bug is a UAF which causes memory corruption of input_handler_list and to fix it we must ensure the input handler is unregistered from input core, this is done through input_unregister_handler(). [ 63.191597] ================================================================== [ 63.192094] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888105ea7c80 by task kworker/0:2/54 [ 63.192094] [ 63.192094] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 54 Comm: kworker/0:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc2-00321-g2aa6621d [ 63.192094] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.164 [ 63.192094] Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event [ 63.192094] Call Trace: [ 63.192094] <TASK> [ 63.192094] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70 [ 63.192094] print_report+0xce/0x670 [ 63.192094] kasan_report+0xce/0x100 [ 63.192094] input_attach_handler.isra.0+0x1a9/0x1e0 [ 63.192094] input_register_device+0x76c/0xd00 [ 63.192094] hidinput_connect+0x686d/0xad60 [ 63.192094] hid_connect+0xf20/0x1b10 [ 63.192094] hid_hw_start+0x83/0x100 [ 63.192094] hid_device_probe+0x2d1/0x680 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] hid_add_device+0x30b/0x910 [ 63.192094] usbhid_probe+0x920/0xe00 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_interface+0x363/0x9a0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_set_configuration+0xd14/0x1880 [ 63.192094] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x78/0xb0 [ 63.192094] usb_probe_device+0xaa/0x2e0 [ 63.192094] really_probe+0x1c3/0x690 [ 63.192094] __driver_probe_device+0x247/0x300 [ 63.192094] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x210 [ 63.192094] __device_attach_driver+0x160/0x320 [ 63.192094] bus_for_each_drv+0x10f/0x190 [ 63.192094] __device_attach+0x18e/0x370 [ 63.192094] bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170 [ 63.192094] device_add+0xd4d/0x1460 [ 63.192094] usb_new_device+0x7b4/0x1000 [ 63.192094] hub_event+0x234d/0x3 ---truncated---
Why
A bounds error lets data be written beyond the intended memory region, potentially corrupting control data.
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- local access → Out-of-bounds Write → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low: a basic authenticated account is required
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-787 ↗
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write. The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 25 Jul 2025 · Last source change 11 May 2026, 21:27 UTC · CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-22609
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD enriched
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.