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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2025-37184High confidence

Unauthenticated Bypass Allows Multi-Factor Authentication Circumvention

Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) · EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.66% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
HPESBNW04992 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 4 · finalHPE Aruba NetworkingUnauthenticated Bypass Allows Multi-Factor Authentication Circumvention
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator
Summary
A vulnerability exists in an Orchestrator service that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass multi-factor authentication requirements. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to create an admin user account without the necessary multi-factor authentication, thereby compromising the integrity of secured access to the system.
Remediation
To fully patch the vulnerabilities described above, HPE Aruba Networking recommends upgrading your EdgeConnect Orchestrator to one of following versions (as applicable): - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x : 9.6.1 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x : 9.5.6 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x : 9.4.8 and above HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. Supported EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator software branches as of the publication date of this advisory are: - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x Software versions with resolution/fixes for the vulnerabilities covered above, can be downloaded from the HPE Networking Support Portal. https://networkingsupport.hpe.com/home/ HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. For more information about Aruba's End of Support policy please visit: https://www.hpe.com/psnow/doc/a00143052enw
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2026-2458

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A vulnerability exists in an Orchestrator service that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass multi-factor authentication requirements. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to create an admin user account without the necessary multi-factor authentication, thereby compromising the integrity of secured access to the system.

What

A vulnerability exists in an Orchestrator service that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass multi-factor authentication requirements. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to create an admin user account without the necessary multi-factor authentication, thereby compromising the integrity of secured access to the system.

Why

The affected component does not establish the requesting party's identity reliably before granting access.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A vulnerability exists in an Orchestrator service that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass multi-factor authentication requirements. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to create an admin user account without the necessary multi-factor authentication, thereby compromising the integrity of secured access to the system.

Why

The affected component does not establish the requesting party's identity reliably before granting access.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Authentication → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-287 ↗

CWE-287: Improper Authentication. When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-287
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0109Aruba EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Aruba EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen und Daten zu manipulieren.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260121Security Bulletin 21 Jan 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 21 Jan 2026, published on 21 January 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-001622アルバネットワークス株式会社のedgeconnect sd-wan orchestratorにおける認証に関する脆弱性

Orchestratorサービスに脆弱性が存在し、認証されていないリモート攻撃者が多要素認証の要件を回避できる可能性があります。攻撃が成功すると、攻撃者は必要な多要素認証を経ずに管理者ユーザーアカウントを作成できるため、システムの安全なアクセスの完全性が損なわれる恐れがあります。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator
Fixed
EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator
Action
To fully patch the vulnerabilities described above, HPE Aruba Networking recommends upgrading your EdgeConnect Orchestrator to one of following versions (as applicable): - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x : 9.6.1 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x : 9.5.6 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x : 9.4.8 and above HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. Supported EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator software branches as of the publication date of this advisory are: - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x Software versions with resolution/fixes for the vulnerabilities covered above, can be downloaded from the HPE Networking Support Portal. https://networkingsupport.hpe.com/home/ HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. For more information about Aruba's End of Support policy please visit: https://www.hpe.com/psnow/doc/a00143052enw
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Jan 2026 · Last source change 3 Mar 2026, 17:48 UTC · CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-2458
Product sourceVendor CSAF · HPE Aruba Networking
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · HPE Aruba Networking
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    9.5.0 ≤ 9.6.0; 9.4.0 ≤ 9.4.4 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    9.5.0 ≤ 9.6.0; 9.4.0 ≤ 9.4.4 · Fixed: To fully patch the vulnerabilities described above, HPE Aruba Networking recommends upgrading your EdgeConnect Orchestrator to one of following versions (as applicable): - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x : 9.6.1 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x : 9.5.6 and above - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x : 9.4.8 and above HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. Supported EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator software branches as of the publication date of this advisory are: - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.6.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.5.x - EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator 9.4.x Software versions with resolution/fixes for the vulnerabilities covered above, can be downloaded from the HPE Networking Support Portal. https://networkingsupport.hpe.com/home/ HPE Aruba Networking does not evaluate or patch software branches that have reached their End of Maintenance (EoM) milestone. For more information about Aruba's End of Support policy please visit: https://www.hpe.com/psnow/doc/a00143052enw
    HPE Aruba Networking ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    HPE Aruba Networking ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-2458↗HPE Aruba Networking security advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-37184 · cve.blacktree.nl