BlackTreeIndependent security intelligence

Full vulnerability report · 2025

CVE-2025-3501High confidence

Org.keycloak.protocol.services: keycloak hostname verification

Unknown · Unknown

8.2HighCVSS 3.1

Recommended action

Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current

CVE-2025-3501 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityorg.keycloak.protocol.services: Keycloak hostname verification

18 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:67a4498b9c68a7068cc2bcfa2d7d5eb35e6ec7e281c0886893f4125a6487c8a1_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:83c90cf0627a1b99900d539f417e648d8be4c9966452872a93a8236e17b1d1cf_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:8e1a37dc9fa7b99a65ac9997d49bc9991172a461c63196614d1975bc2210e7fa_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:acd2a3adf7365e62689b79608c2289c804f47f97a81f9e8ddf3fecdce6d6f0ec_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:67699f3ec6e1a489b769523d9deaeec57a8113259d375501aa043778828c2286_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:76f2963c284d0a79e6026bee0837639bce5af84a18c994828aa0890923725189_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:87ff67880fd7f44174b263759c99f4d701cf208eeb6f4abf636a10b98ec023d0_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:4ecfe1e2059cc2d7087e01ae04598bd5628f2958c21e14e41fa249dccf0d3e5f_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:2a85cb76b1d5cd7cf2a8b0d809249470b049ae5b8de32186ceac4ae13e7758e3_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:2cb97ec2a8ac79b31a678d348b2217e008d39b1f8482e75c1baf8acc026910c1_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:35d37a09fa0a9799258aede346e1cb205179617ab2e417c809e18dee2ed1860a_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:c9d86fff34b796441318e5fd211b69f07b4aaacfd49f7d2b02d972329cb61d83_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2

Summary: A flaw was found in Keycloak. By setting a verification policy to 'ALL', the trust store certificate verification is skipped, which is unintended.
Remediation: Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current

ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-12660

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state: Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation: Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score: Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence: No linked advisory details stored yet

Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

What, why and how

A flaw was found in Keycloak. By setting a verification policy to 'ALL', the trust store certificate verification is skipped, which is unintended.

What

A flaw was found in Keycloak. By setting a verification policy to 'ALL', the trust store certificate verification is skipped, which is unintended.

Why

The product communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the product does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A flaw was found in Keycloak. By setting a verification policy to 'ALL', the trust store certificate verification is skipped, which is unintended.

Why

The product communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the product does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.

How

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path: a network path → Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface: Network
Privileges required: None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary: Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness ? CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.: CWE-297 ↗
CWE-297: Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch. The product communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the product does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.
CVSS vector ? CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land: No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.

NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-297

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-12660Official EUVD mapping

0 linked advisory records.

Official EUVD record

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-0908Keycloack: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Umgehen von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Keycloack ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory

NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0141Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Keycloak

De kwetsbaarheden omvatten een probleem waarbij JWT-tokens met lange vervaltijden kunnen leiden tot oneindige groei in de cache, wat kan resulteren in een OutOfMemoryError en een Denial-of-Service voor legitieme gebruikers. Daarnaast kan de verificatie van trust store-certificaten worden overgeslagen als het verificatiebeleid is ingesteld op 'ALL', wat kan leiden tot ongeautoriseerde toegang. Bovendien kan een kwetsbaarheid in het org.keycloak.authorization-pakket gebruikers in staat stellen om vereiste beveiligingsacties te omzeilen, zoals het inschakelen van twee-factor-authenticatie, wat de beveiliging van gebruikersaccounts in gevaar kan brengen.

Official advisory

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status ? Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.: Patch available
Affected: 25.0.0 < 25.*; 26.0.0 < 26.0.11; 26.1.0 < 26.1.*; 26.2.0 < 26.2.2
Fixed: rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:67a4498b9c68a7068cc2bcfa2d7d5eb35e6ec7e281c0886893f4125a6487c8a1_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:83c90cf0627a1b99900d539f417e648d8be4c9966452872a93a8236e17b1d1cf_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:8e1a37dc9fa7b99a65ac9997d49bc9991172a461c63196614d1975bc2210e7fa_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:acd2a3adf7365e62689b79608c2289c804f47f97a81f9e8ddf3fecdce6d6f0ec_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:67699f3ec6e1a489b769523d9deaeec57a8113259d375501aa043778828c2286_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:76f2963c284d0a79e6026bee0837639bce5af84a18c994828aa0890923725189_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:87ff67880fd7f44174b263759c99f4d701cf208eeb6f4abf636a10b98ec023d0_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:4ecfe1e2059cc2d7087e01ae04598bd5628f2958c21e14e41fa249dccf0d3e5f_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:2a85cb76b1d5cd7cf2a8b0d809249470b049ae5b8de32186ceac4ae13e7758e3_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:2cb97ec2a8ac79b31a678d348b2217e008d39b1f8482e75c1baf8acc026910c1_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:35d37a09fa0a9799258aede346e1cb205179617ab2e417c809e18dee2ed1860a_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:c9d86fff34b796441318e5fd211b69f07b4aaacfd49f7d2b02d972329cb61d83_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:55062a4e89ec53f2759aeb7fe5f117a658e182ee898a78074f47330943ff14eb_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:b87e36a465c9a84edc7b74ac46ca555cd5189731eaeec9da7f05f1e41cc86e70_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:e24acc11a1bc60321cec78a5f2bc2521636fe00fddd9e742d7b25131f3152c5a_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:e3e211f233016ade5c98aa16f979d97a90c8af369bc81cd526e2a40e53ed4daa_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; Red Hat Build of Keycloak; Red Hat build of Keycloak 26
Action: Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.
Workaround: No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.

Evidence and provenance

Published 29 Apr 2025 · Last source change 20 Nov 2025, 07:27 UTC · CWE-297 · Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2

CVSS sourceCNA

EPSS source

The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.

FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14

European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-12660

Product sourceCNA

Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security

CWE sourceCNA

NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

2025-04-29CVE published

2025-11-20Fixed release or patch reference recorded

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-12660↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗

Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report

CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS: Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS: Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE: Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA: CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD: National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT: A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC: Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF: Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL: Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.

Org.keycloak.protocol.services: keycloak hostname verification

National CERT insights ?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

EUVD-2025-12660

What, why and how

Exploit reality and attack path

Official authority intelligence

Patch and workaround

Evidence and provenance

National CERT insights
?
CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.