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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-32756High confidence

Fortinet Multiple Products Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Fortinet · Multiple Products

Official source article: Fortinet FG-IR-25-254 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

9.6CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-06-04 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 29.81% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Fortinet Multiple Products and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-14705

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiCamera 2.0 all versions, FortiCamera 1.1 all versions, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiMail 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiNDR 7.6.0, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiNDR 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiNDR 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, FortiRecorder 6.4.0 through 6.4.5, FortiVoice 7.2.0, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via sending HTTP requests with specially crafted hash cookie.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 14 May 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.6 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
2 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0168Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in FortiVoice
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-06-04 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Fortinet FortiFone, FortiVoice, FortiNDR and FortiMail contain a stack-based overflow vulnerability that may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

What

Fortinet FortiFone, FortiVoice, FortiNDR and FortiMail contain a stack-based overflow vulnerability that may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

Why

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Fortinet FortiFone, FortiVoice, FortiNDR and FortiMail contain a stack-based overflow vulnerability that may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

Why

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-05-14.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Stack-based Buffer Overflow → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-121 ↗

CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow. A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:X/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkUnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-121CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-14705Known-exploited evidence recorded

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiCamera 2.0 all versions, FortiCamera 1.1 all versions, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiMail 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiNDR 7.6.0, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiNDR 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiNDR 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, FortiRecorder 6.4.0 through 6.4.5, FortiVoice 7.2.0, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via sending HTTP requests with specially crafted hash cookie.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1027Fortinet FortiVoice, FortiMail und FortiRecorder: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Codeausführung

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Fortinet FortiVoice, Fortinet FortiRecorder und Fortinet FortiMail ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode mit administrativen Rechten auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-266Fortinet security advisory (AV25-266)

On May 13, 2025, Fortinet published security advisories to address vulnerabilities in multiple products. Included were critical updates for the following: Fortinet has indicated that CVE-2025-32756 has been exploited in the wild on FortiVoice.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250514Security Bulletin 14 May 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 14 May 2025, published on 14 May 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0399Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Fortinet

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Fortinet. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance. Fortinet indique que la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-32756 est activement exploitée.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-005271複数のフォーティネット製品におけるスタックベースのバッファオーバーフローの脆弱性

FortiMail、FortiNDR、FortiRecorder ファームウェア等複数のフォーティネット製品には、スタックベースのバッファオーバーフローの脆弱性、境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6484Fortinet 제품 보안 업데이트 권고

FortiVoice, FortiMail, FortiNDR, FortiRecorder, FortiCamera에서 발생하는 스택 버퍼 오버플로 취약점(CVE-2025-32756) [1][2]

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6481美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-05-14)

Fortinet FortiFone, FortiVoice, FortiNDR and FortiMail contain a stack-based overflow vulnerability that may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0168Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in FortiVoice

De kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in de manier waarop FortiVoice systemen omgaan met HTTP-verzoeken, wat leidt tot een stack-gebaseerde buffer overflow. Dit stelt een kwaadwillende, ongeauthenticeerde aanvaller in staat om willekeurige code uit te voeren door speciaal vervaardigde HTTP-verzoeken te verzenden. Er zijn meldingen van actieve exploitatie van deze kwetsbaarheid in specifiek FortiVoice. Er zijn geen meldingen van actief misbruik in de andere producten die deze kwetsbaarheid bevatten.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 13 May 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 18:28 UTC · CWE-121 · Stack-based Buffer Overflow

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-14705
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: fortiguard.fortinet.com/FG-IR-25-254.
    Before
    vendor advisory: fortiguard.fortinet.com/FG-IR-25-254
    After
    remediation: fortiguard.fortinet.com/FG-IR-25-254 · vendor advisory: fortiguard.fortinet.com/FG-IR-25-254
    psirt@fortinet.com ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    7.6.0; 7.4.0 ≤ 7.4.7; 7.2.0 ≤ 7.2.4; 7.1.0 ≤ 7.1.1; 7.0.0 ≤ 7.0.6; 1.5.0 ≤ 1.5.3; 1.4.0; 1.3.0 ≤ 1.3.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    FortiNDR: 7.6.0, 7.4.0 ≤ 7.4.7, 7.2.0 ≤ 7.2.4, 7.1.0 ≤ 7.1.1, 7.0.0 ≤ 7.0.6, 1.5.0 ≤ 1.5.3, 1.4.0, 1.3.0 ≤ 1.3.1, 1.2.0, 1.1.0; FortiCamera: 2.1.0 ≤ 2.1.3, 2.0.0, 1.1.0 ≤ 1.1.5; FortiRecorder: 7.2.0 ≤ 7.2.3, 7.0.0 ≤ 7.0.5, 6.4.0 ≤ 6.4.5; FortiVoice: 7.2.0, 7.0.0 ≤ 7.0.6, 6.4.0 ≤ 6.4.10; FortiMail: 7.6.0 ≤ 7.6.2, 7.4.0 ≤ 7.4.4, 7.2.0 ≤ 7.2.7, 7.0.0 ≤ 7.0.8 · Fixed: Upgrade to FortiNDR version 7.6.1 or above; Upgrade to FortiNDR version 7.4.8 or above; Upgrade to FortiNDR version 7.2.5 or above; Upgrade to FortiNDR version 7.0.7 or above; Upgrade to FortiCamera version 2.1.4 or above; Upgrade to FortiRecorder version 7.2.4 or above; Upgrade to FortiRecorder version 7.0.6 or above; Upgrade to FortiRecorder version 6.4.6 or above; Upgrade to FortiVoice version 7.2.1 or above; Upgrade to FortiVoice version 7.0.7 or above; Upgrade to FortiVoice version 6.4.11 or above; Upgrade to FortiMail version 7.6.3 or above
    CNA ↗
  3. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    psirt@fortinet.com ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-14705↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference · Fortinet FG-IR-25-254↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-32756 · cve.blacktree.nl