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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-32463High confidence

Sudo Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability

Sudo · Sudo

9.3CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-10-20 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • EPSS is 55.50% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Sudo Sudo and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

8 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · communitysudoVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.9.17_p1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 11 Sep 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · communitysudoVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.9.17_p1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 11 Sep 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · communitysudoVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.9.17_p1-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 19 Aug 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcesudoVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.9.16p2-3Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcesudoNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcesudoVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.9.16p2-3Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcesudoVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.9.16p2-3Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivesudoVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.1.9.15p5-3ubuntu5.24.04.1Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

3 current
CVE-2025-32463 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitysudo: LPE via chroot option
33 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • sudo-debuginfo-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debuginfo-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debuginfo-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debuginfo-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debugsource-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debugsource-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debugsource-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-debugsource-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-python-plugin-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-python-plugin-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-python-plugin-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
  • sudo-python-plugin-0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.2.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)
Summary
A flaw was found in Sudo. This flaw allows a local attacker to escalate their privileges by tricking Sudo into loading an arbitrary shared library using the user-specified root directory via the `-R` (`--chroot`) option. An attacker can run arbitrary commands as root on systems that support `/etc/nsswitch.conf`.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
SCA-2026-0007 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1.0.0 · finalSICK PSIRTSudo vulnerability affects Endress+Hauser MCS200HW
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • Endress+Hauser MCS200HW with firmware <1.11.5.6R
Summary
Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.
Remediation
The display unit's firmware versions below 4.3.4 are affected. To address the vulnerability, customers are strongly recommended to update the display unit of their devices to firmware version 4.3.4. Endress+Hauser will include this firmware version in the MCS200HW products starting with version 1.11.5.6R. Alternatively, customers can contact Endress+Hauser directly to obtain the updated display firmware, or download the original firmware - including update instructions - from the Phoenix Contact website referenced below.
SCA-2025-0012 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · finalSICK PSIRTSudo vulnerability affects SICK SID products
4 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • SICK SID121 with Firmware < 4.2.7
  • SICK SID121 LFT with Firmware < 4.2.7
  • SICK SID71 with Firmware < 4.2.7
  • SICK SID71 LFT with Firmware < 4.2.7
Summary
Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.
Remediation
It is strongly recommended to upgrade to the latest version (4.2.7)
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-19673

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 29 Sep 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.3 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
9 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:11537Red Hat Security Advisory: sudo security update
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:20478-1Security update for sudo
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:02177-1Security update for sudo
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:20489-1Security update for sudo
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-10-20 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Sudo contains an inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere vulnerability. This vulnerability could allow local attacker to leverage sudo’s -R (--chroot) option to run arbitrary commands as root, even if they are not listed in the sudoers file.

What

Sudo contains an inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere vulnerability. This vulnerability could allow local attacker to leverage sudo’s -R (--chroot) option to run arbitrary commands as root, even if they are not listed in the sudoers file.

Why

The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Sudo contains an inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere vulnerability. This vulnerability could allow local attacker to leverage sudo’s -R (--chroot) option to run arbitrary commands as root, even if they are not listed in the sudoers file.

Why

The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-09-29.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-829 ↗

CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere. The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
UnauthenticatedCWE-829CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-19673Known-exploited evidence recorded

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1428sudo: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in sudo ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen und seine Rechte auf "root" zu erweitern.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-631Sudo security advisory (AV25-631)

On June 30, 2025, Sudo published a security advisory to address a vulnerability in the following product: On September 29, 2025, CISA added CVE-2025-32463 to their Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Database.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250702Security Bulletin 02 JUL 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 02 JUL 2025, published on 2 July 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

rd?id=CVE-2025-3136 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31498 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31498 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31672 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31672 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32386 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32386 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32387 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32387 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32414 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32414 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32415 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32415 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32434 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32462 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32462 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32463 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32463 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3262 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3262 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3263 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3263 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3264 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3264 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32728 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32728 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32955 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32955 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32989 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32989 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32990 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-010288sudo project の Sudo 等複数ベンダの製品における信頼できない制御領域からの機能の組み込みに関する脆弱性

sudo project の Sudo 等複数ベンダの製品には、信頼できない制御領域からの機能の組み込みに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-009259sudo project の Sudo における不正な認証に関する脆弱性

sudo project の Sudo には、不正な認証に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6591美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-09-29)

Sudo contains an inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere vulnerability. This vulnerability could allow local attacker to leverage sudo’s -R (--chroot) option to run arbitrary commands as root, even if they are not listed in the sudoers file.

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6515Sudo 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고

Sudo 명령어에서 잘못된 옵션 허용으로 발생하는 권한 상승 취약점(CVE-2025-32463) [1][8]

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1
Fixed
Action
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
A mitigation or workaround reference is available from the source linked below; validate it against the affected product and version.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 30 Jun 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 17:50 UTC · CWE-829 · Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-19673
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    Sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Patch available.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Patch available
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  3. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: sick.com/psirt; removed remediation: endress.com.
    Before
    remediation: endress.com
    After
    remediation: sick.com/psirt
    SICK PSIRT ↗
  4. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: vicarius.io/cve-2025-32463-mitigate-sudo-vulnerability; removed remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-32463.
    Before
    mitigation: vicarius.io/cve-2025-32463-mitigate-sudo-vulnerability · remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-32463 · vendor advisory: sudo.ws/advisories · 1 more references
    After
    mitigation: vicarius.io/cve-2025-32463-mitigate-sudo-vulnerability · remediation: vicarius.io/cve-2025-32463-mitigate-sudo-vulnerability · vendor advisory: sudo.ws/advisories · 1 more references
    cve@mitre.org ↗
  5. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    Sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    After
    Sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CISA KEV ↗
  6. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Patch available to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Patch available
    After
    Mitigation available
    cve@mitre.org ↗
  7. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Sudo: 1.9.14 < 1.9.17p1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  8. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: sick.com/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf; removed remediation: sick.com/psirt.
    Before
    remediation: sick.com/psirt
    After
    remediation: sick.com/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf
    SICK PSIRT ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Mitigation reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-19673↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Vendor advisory↗Mitigation reference↗Public exploit reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-32463 · cve.blacktree.nl