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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-32433High confidence

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Erlang · Erlang/OTP

Official source articles: Siemens SSA-089022 ↗ · GitHub GHSA-37CP-FGQ5-7WC2 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

10.0CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-06-30 as the remediation due date. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 16 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 98.79% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Erlang Erlang/OTP and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 16 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

6 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · communityerlangVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.26.2.5.11-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 19 Aug 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourceerlangVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1:27.3.3+dfsg-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourceerlangVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourceerlangVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1:27.3.3+dfsg-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourceerlangVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1:27.3.3+dfsg-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveerlangVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.1:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.3Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

2 current
SSA-089022 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 2 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-089022: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Third-Party Components in SINEC OS before V3.3
16 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00)
  • SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family
  • SCALANCE XCH328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2EC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM324 (6GK5324-8TS01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM332 (6GK5332-0GA01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) (6GK5334-2TS01-2ER3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-2AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-2AR3)
Summary
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Remediation
Update to V3.3 or later version
SEVD-2025-133-05 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3.0.0 · finalSchneider Electric CPCERTGalaxy VS, Galaxy VL, Galaxy VXL
3 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • Schneider Electric Galaxy VS Version v6.118.0 and prior
  • Schneider Electric Galaxy VL Version v18.5.0 and prior
  • Schneider Electric Galaxy VXL Version v15.21.0 and prior
Summary
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Remediation
Version 6.123.0 of Galaxy VS includes a fix for this vulnerability and is available through your local FSR by contacting Schneider Electric's Customer Care Center.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-11793

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 9 Jun 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
10.0 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
9 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:1357-1Security update for erlang
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2025:1356-1Security update for erlang26
  • csaf_cisa · ICSA-25-140-07Schneider Electric Galaxy VS, Galaxy VL, Galaxy VXL (Update A)
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0137Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in Erlang/OTP SSH-server
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-06-30 as the remediation due date. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 16 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

What

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-06-09.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Missing Authentication for Critical Function → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-306 ↗

CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function. The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkUnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-306CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11793Known-exploited evidence recorded

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0838Erlang/OTP SSH: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Codeausführung

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Erlang/OTP ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-232Erlang security advisory (AV25-232)

On April 16, 2025, Erlang published a security advisory to address a critical vulnerability in the following products: This vulnerability allows unauthenticated RCE.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250430Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020, published on 30 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250423Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025, published on 23 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250417Security Bulletin 17 April 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 17 April 2025, published on 17 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0101Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens

.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8006 Référence CVE CVE-2024-8096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8096 Référence CVE CVE-2024-9681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9681 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0167 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0167 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0665 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0665 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-10148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-1390 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1390 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32433 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32433 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3360 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3360 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38084 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38084 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38085 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38085 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38086 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38086 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38345 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38345 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38350 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38350 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38498 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38498 Référence CVE CVE-2025-39839 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0360Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Tenable

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Tenable. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-006839ERLANG の Erlang/OTP 等複数ベンダの製品における重要な機能に対する認証の欠如に関する脆弱性

ERLANG の Erlang/OTP 等複数ベンダの製品には、重要な機能に対する認証の欠如に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6494美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-06-09)

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6450Erlang 제품 보안 업데이트 권고

Erlang/OTP SSH서버에서 발생하는 인증되지 않은 원격 코드 실행(RCE) 취약점(CVE-2025-32433) [1][2][3][4]

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0137Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in Erlang/OTP SSH-server

De kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in de SSH-functionaliteit van de getroffen versies van Erlang/OTP. De kwetsbaarheid stelt een ongeauthenticeerde kwaadwillende op afstand in staat om willekeurige code uit te voeren in context van de SSH deamon, door geprepareerde verzoeken naar het kwetsbare systeem te versturen.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
Version 6.123.0 of Galaxy VS includes a fix for this vulnerability and is available through your local FSR by contacting Schneider Electric's Customer Care Center.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Apr 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 18:28 UTC · CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11793
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: github.com/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12; removed remediation: download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2025-133-05&p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice&p_File_Name=SEVD-2025-133-05.pdf.
    Before
    patch: github.com/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 · patch: github.com/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f · patch: github.com/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 · 2 more references
    After
    patch: github.com/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 · patch: github.com/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f · patch: github.com/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 · 2 more references
    security-advisories@github.com ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: Version 6.123.0 of Galaxy VS includes a fix for this vulnerability and is available through your local FSR by contacting Schneider Electric's Customer Care Center.
    After
    otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CISA KEV ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3; >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11; < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  4. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20 · Fixed: Version 6.123.0 of Galaxy VS includes a fix for this vulnerability and is available through your local FSR by contacting Schneider Electric's Customer Care Center.
    Schneider Electric CPCERT ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11793↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT · Siemens SSA-089022↗Schneider Electric CPCERT security advisory↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference · GitHub GHSA-37CP-FGQ5-7WC2↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-32433 · cve.blacktree.nl