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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-31366High confidence

Fortinet FortiSASE — Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Fortinet · FortiSASE

4.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
SSA-864900 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 11 · finalSiemens ProductCERTSSA-864900: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Fortigate NGFW on RUGGEDCOM APE1808 Devices
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • RUGGEDCOM APE1808 with Fortinet NGFW < V7.4.9
Summary
An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] in FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions; FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions; FortiSASE 25.3.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.
Remediation
Update Fortigate NGFW to V7.4.9 or later following the secure update recommendation procedure. Contact customer support to receive detailed information
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-34239

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.

What

An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.

Why

Attacker-controlled content can reach a browser as executable script without sufficient output encoding or sanitisation.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.

Why

Attacker-controlled content can reach a browser as executable script without sufficient output encoding or sanitisation.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-79 ↗

CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'). The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CLowConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-79
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2306Fortinet FortiProxy und FortiOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Fortinet FortiOS und Fortinet FortiProxy ausnutzen um beliebigen Code auszuführen, Daten zu manipulieren, Informationen auszuspähen und Sicheheitsfunktionen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0871Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Fortinet

d?id=CVE-2024-33507 Référence CVE CVE-2024-47569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47569 Référence CVE CVE-2024-48891 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-48891 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50571 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50571 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22258 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22258 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25252 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25252 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25253 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25253 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25255 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25255 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31365 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31365 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31366 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31366 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31514 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31514 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46752 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46752 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46774 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46774 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47890 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47890 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49201 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49201 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53845 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53845 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53950 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53950 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53951 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0355Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Fortinet FortiOS en FortiProxy

FortiOS, FortiProxy, and FortiSASE have vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated attackers to execute reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) and open redirect attacks through specially crafted HTTP requests.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
RUGGEDCOM APE1808 with Fortinet NGFW < V7.4.9
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Update Fortigate NGFW to V7.4.9 or later following the secure update recommendation procedure. Contact customer support to receive detailed information
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Oct 2025 · Last source change 11 Aug 2026, 12:22 UTC · CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-34239
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-34239↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-31366 · cve.blacktree.nl