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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-31324High confidence

SAP NetWeaver Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability

SAP · NetWeaver

10.0CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Protect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-05-20 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-11987

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is not protected with a proper authorization, allowing unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 29 Apr 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
10.0 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
4 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0149Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in SAP producten
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0119Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in SAP-producten
Recommended actionProtect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-05-20 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries.

What

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries.

Why

The upload path does not sufficiently restrict the type, name, location or later execution of attacker-supplied files.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries.

Why

The upload path does not sufficiently restrict the type, name, location or later execution of attacker-supplied files.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-04-29. Known ransomware campaign use is recorded.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-434 ↗

CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type. The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-434CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11987Known-exploited evidence recorded

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is not protected with a proper authorization, allowing unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-1002SAP Patchday Mai 2025: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in SAP Software ausnutzen, um erweiterte Rechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen, vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren und einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-0719SAP Patchday April 2025: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in SAP Software ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben und einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0396Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits SAP

cord?id=CVE-2025-0060 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0061 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0061 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23191 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23191 Référence CVE CVE-2025-26662 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-26662 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30009 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30009 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30010 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30010 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30011 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30011 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30012 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30012 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30018 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30018 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31324 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31324 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31329 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31329 Référence CVE CVE-2025-42997 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-42997 Référence CVE CVE-2025-42999 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-42999 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43000 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43000 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43002 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43002 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43003 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43003 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43004 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43004 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43005 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0350Vulnérabilité dans SAP NetWeaver

Une vulnérabilité a été découverte dans SAP NetWeaver. Elle permet à un attaquant de provoquer une atteinte à l'intégrité des données et un contournement de la politique de sécurité.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0285Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits SAP

er correctif de sécurité S/4HANA (Learning Solution) versions S4HCMGXX 100 et 101 sans le dernier correctif de sécurité S/4HANA (Private Cloud) versions S4CORE 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 et 108 sans le dernier correctif de sécurité S4CORE entity versions S4CORE 107 et 108 sans le dernier correctif de sécurité Solution Manager versions ST 720, SAP_BASIS 700, SAP_BASIS 701, SAP_BASIS 702, SAP_BASIS 731, SAP_BASIS 740, SAP_BASIS 750, SAP_BASIS 751, SAP_BASIS 752, SAP_BASIS 753, SAP_BASIS 754, SAP_BASIS 755, SAP_BASIS 756, SAP_BASIS 757, SAP_BASIS 758 et SAP_BASIS 914 sans le dernier correctif de sécurité L'éditeur indique que la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-31324 est activement exploitée. Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits SAP. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité SAP april-2025 du 08 avril 2025 https://support.sap.com/en/my-support/knowledge-base/security-notes-news/april-2025.html FAQ sur l'exploitation de la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-31324 https://me.sap.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0149Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in SAP producten

De kwetsbaarheden omvatten onder andere een onbeperkte bestandsuploadfout die ongeauthenticeerde gebruikers in staat stelt om kwaadaardige bestanden te uploaden, wat kan leiden tot uitvoer van willekeurige code. Daarnaast zijn er kwetsbaarheden gerapporteerd die voortkomen uit het ontbreken van noodzakelijke autorisatiecontroles, wat kan resulteren in ongeoorloofde toegang tot gevoelige gegevens en privilege-escalatie. SAP brengt de kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-31324 opnieuw onder de aandacht. Deze kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in de NetWeaver Visual Component en is in de maandelijkse update van april verholpen. Deze kwetsbaarheid is echter als ZeroDay actief misbruikt.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0119Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in SAP-producten

De uitgebrachte paches bevatten een aantal kritieke kwetsbaarheden met de kenmerken CVE-2025-30016, CVE-2025-31330 en CVE-2025-27429. De kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-30016 is een kritieke authenticatie-bypass in SAP Financial Consolidation, die ongeauthenticeerde aanvallers toegang geeft tot het Admin-account. SAP Landscape Transformation heeft een kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-31330, die het mogelijk maakt voor aanvallers met gebruikersprivileges om willekeurige ABAP-code in te voegen. De kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-27429 in SAP S/4HANA (Private Cloud) stelt een aanvaller met gebruikersprivileges in staat om willekeurige ABAP-code in de RFC-functiemodule te injecteren en autorisatiecontroles te omzeilen, waardoor de vertrouwelijkheid, integriteit en beschikbaarheid van het systeem in gevaar komen. SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP heeft een Mixed Dynamic RFC Destination-kwetsbaarheid die kan leiden tot blootstelling van gevoelige inloggegevens. Daarnaast zijn er kwetsbaarheden in SAP Commerce Cloud die de vertrouwelijkheid en integriteit van gegevens in gevaar kunnen brengen. De kwetsbaarheden in SAP ERP BW en SAP BusinessObjects kunnen leiden tot ongeautoriseerde uitvoering van commando's en wijziging van bestanden. De directory traversal-kwetsbaarheden in SAP Capital Yield Tax Management en SAP Solution Manager stellen aanvallers in staat om gevoelige informatie te verkrijgen. De SSRF-kwetsbaarheid in SAP CRM en SAP S/4HANA kan de vertrouwelijkheid van interne netwerkbronnen in gevaar brengen. **UPDATE 25/04/2025** SAP heeft een update uitgebracht op de advisory van eerder deze maand. De belangrijkste aanpassing is de toevoeging van **CVE-2025-31324**. Dit is een kritieke kwetsbaarheid waarbij de Metadata Uploader geen correcte autorisatiecontrole toepast. Hierdoor kan een niet-geauthenticeerde aanvaller kwaadaardige uitvoerbare bestanden uploaden naar de server. **UPDATE 28/04/2025** Het NCSC ontvangt meldingen dat de kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2025-31324 actief wordt misbruikt. De getroffen Metadata Uploader is onderdeel van Visual Composer. Dit product, bedoeld om zonder het schrijven van programmacode user-interfaces te bouwen, wordt al sinds 2015 niet meer ondersteund. Het gebruik ervan om interfaces te bouwen wordt daarom afgeraden. Ook is het goed gebruik een dergelijk ontwerpsoftware niet publiek toegankelijk te hebben, maar te hosten in een separate ontwikkelomgeving. In het geval van Visual Composer kan de toegang worden beperkt door de applicatia-alias `developmentserver` uit te schakelen en middels firewall rules de toegang tot de development-server applicatie-url te blokkeren. **UPDATE 30/04/2025** In de eerdere update van dit beveiligingsadvies op 28/04/2025 heeft het NCSC gemeld dat de kwetsbaarheid met het kenmerk CVE-2025-31324 actief wordt misbruikt. Een onderdeel van het misbruik is dat kwaadwillenden webshells plaatsen. Na nader onderzoek door het NCSC en op basis van ontvangen meldingen, is ook waargenomen dat deze webshells online te koop wordt aangeboden. Dit vergroot de kans op misbruik aanzienlijk. Het NCSC heeft daarom besloten om dit beveiligingsadvies naar H/H te verhogen.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
VCFRAMEWORK 7.50
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 24 Apr 2025 · Last source change 4 Aug 2026, 03:55 UTC · CWE-434 · Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11987
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceOther authority
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11987↗CISA KEV record↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-31324 · cve.blacktree.nl