Published severityCritical→Operational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Evidence used
CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
EPSS is 13.97% for the current model date.
Compensating controls
Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.
Verification
Confirm that the asset runs Apple Multiple Products and falls inside the recorded affected range.
Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Optional official sources
National CERT insights ?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.
Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.
Official European source
ENISA European Vulnerability Database
Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.
1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier
EUVD-2025-11381
CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA
This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.
EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 17 Apr 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
2 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence
Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.
csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0136Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS, iOS en iPadOS
Recommended actionProtect now
CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-05-08 as the remediation due date.
Fix not verified
01
What, why and how
Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.
What
Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.
Why
The product implements access controls via a policy or other feature with the intention to disable or restrict accesses (reads and/or writes) to assets in a system from untrusted agents. However, implemented access controls lack required granularity, which renders the control policy too broad because it allows accesses from unauthorized agents to the security-sensitive assets.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.
Why
The product implements access controls via a policy or other feature with the intention to disable or restrict accesses (reads and/or writes) to assets in a system from untrusted agents. However, implemented access controls lack required granularity, which renders the control policy too broad because it allows accesses from unauthorized agents to the security-sensitive assets.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation ?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.Confirmed in the wild
CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-04-17.
Public PoC / exploit material ?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.Reference recorded
A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.
Likely attack path
a network path → Insufficient Granularity of Access Control → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness ?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-1220: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control. The product implements access controls via a policy or other feature with the intention to disable or restrict accesses (reads and/or writes) to assets in a system from untrusted agents. However, implemented access controls lack required granularity, which renders the control policy too broad because it allows accesses from unauthorized agents to the security-sensitive assets.
CVSS vector ?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11381Known-exploited evidence recorded
This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.
Official EUVD record ↗BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0846Apple iOS, iPadOS und macOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen
Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS, Apple iPadOS und Apple macOS ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen und um Sicherheitsmechanismen zu umgehen.
Official advisory ↗Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-218Apple security advisory (AV25-218)
On April 16, 2025, Apple published security updates to address vulnerabilities in the following products:
Apple has been advised that CVE-2025-31200 and CVE-2025-31201 may have been exploited.
Official advisory ↗Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250430Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020
The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020, published on 30 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.
Official advisory ↗Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250423Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025
The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025, published on 23 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.
Official advisory ↗Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250417Security Bulletin 17 April 2025
The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 17 April 2025, published on 17 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.
Official advisory ↗CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0325Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple
De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apple. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire et un contournement de la politique de sécurité.
Apple indique que les vulnérabilités CVE-2025-31200 et CVE-2025-31201 sont activement exploitées.
Official advisory ↗JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-003801複数のアップル製品における脆弱性
macOS、tvOS、visionOS 等複数のアップル製品には、不特定の脆弱性が存在します。
Official advisory ↗KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6449美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-04-17)
Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.
Official advisory ↗NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0136Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS, iOS en iPadOS
Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om willekeurige code uit te voeren met rechten van de gebruiker en zo mogelijk toegang krijgen tot gevoelige gegevens.
Apple meldt informatie te hebben dat de kwetsbaarheden beperkt en zeer gericht zijn misbruikt op iOS.
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
Status ?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
iOS and iPadOS: < 18.4.1
macOS: < 15.4.1
tvOS: < 18.4.1
visionOS: < 2.4.1
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 16 Apr 2025 · Last source change 2 Apr 2026, 18:24 UTC · CWE-1220 · Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source ?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11381
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
Before
< 18.4.1; < 15.4.1; < 2.4.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
After
iOS and iPadOS: < 18.4.1; macOS: < 15.4.1; tvOS: < 18.4.1; visionOS: < 2.4.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.