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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-31200High confidence

Apple Multiple Products Memory Corruption Vulnerability

Apple · Multiple Products

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Protect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-05-08 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 18.75% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apple Multiple Products and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-11380

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 17 Apr 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
2 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0136Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS, iOS en iPadOS
Recommended actionProtect now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-05-08 as the remediation due date.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a memory corruption vulnerability that allows for code execution when processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a memory corruption vulnerability that allows for code execution when processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file.

Why

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a memory corruption vulnerability that allows for code execution when processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file.

Why

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-04-17.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-119 ↗

CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer. The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-119CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11380Known-exploited evidence recorded

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0846Apple iOS, iPadOS und macOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS, Apple iPadOS und Apple macOS ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen und um Sicherheitsmechanismen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV25-218Apple security advisory (AV25-218)

On April 16, 2025, Apple published security updates to address vulnerabilities in the following products: Apple has been advised that CVE-2025-31200 and CVE-2025-31201 may have been exploited.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250430Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 30 Apr 2020, published on 30 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250423Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 23 Apr 2025, published on 23 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250417Security Bulletin 17 April 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 17 April 2025, published on 17 April 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0393Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

antérieures à 18.5 iPadOS versions 18.x antérieures à 18.5 iPadOS versions antérieures à 17.7.7 macOS Sequoia versions antérieures à 15.5 macOS Sonoma versions antérieures à 14.7.6 macOS Ventura versions antérieures à 13.7.6 Safari versions antérieures à 18.5 tvOS versions antérieures à 18.5 visionOS versions antérieures à 2.5 watchOS versions antérieures à 11.5 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apple. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance. Apple indique que la vulnérabilité CVE-2025-31200 est activement exploitée. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122404 du 12 mai 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/122404 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122405 du 12 mai 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/122405 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122716 du 12 mai 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/122716 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122717 du 12 mai 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/122717 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122718 du 12 mai 2025 https://support.apple.com/en-us/122718 Bulletin de sécurité Apple 122719 du 12 mai 2025 h

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0325Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apple. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire et un contournement de la politique de sécurité. Apple indique que les vulnérabilités CVE-2025-31200 et CVE-2025-31201 sont activement exploitées.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-003734複数のアップル製品における境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性

macOS、tvOS、visionOS 等複数のアップル製品には、境界外書き込みに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6449美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2025-04-17)

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain a memory corruption vulnerability that allows for code execution when processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0136Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Apple macOS, iOS en iPadOS

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om willekeurige code uit te voeren met rechten van de gebruiker en zo mogelijk toegang krijgen tot gevoelige gegevens. Apple meldt informatie te hebben dat de kwetsbaarheden beperkt en zeer gericht zijn misbruikt op iOS.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
  • iOS and iPadOS: < 18.4.1
  • macOS: < 15.4.1
  • tvOS: < 18.4.1
  • visionOS: < 2.4.1
  • watchOS: < 11.5
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Apr 2025 · Last source change 2 Apr 2026, 18:25 UTC · CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-11380
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: cyber.gc.ca/apple-security-advisory-av25-218.
    Before
    remediation: cyber.gc.ca/apple-security-advisory-av25-218 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/122282 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/122400 · 3 more references
    After
    vendor advisory: support.apple.com/122282 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/122400 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/122401 · 2 more references
    product-security@apple.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    product-security@apple.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 18.4.1; < 15.4.1; < 2.4.1; < 11.5 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    iOS and iPadOS: < 18.4.1; macOS: < 15.4.1; tvOS: < 18.4.1; visionOS: < 2.4.1; watchOS: < 11.5 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-31200 · cve.blacktree.nl