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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-29971High confidence

Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) Denial of Service Vulnerability

Microsoft · Windows 11 version 22H2

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-14466

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Out-of-bounds read in Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

What

Out-of-bounds read in Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Out-of-bounds read in Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Out-of-bounds Read → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-125

CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read. The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-125
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1050Microsoft Windows Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Privilegieneskalation

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer, oder lokaler Angreifer, oder ein Angreifer aus einem angrenzenden Netzwerk kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Microsoft Windows Server, Microsoft Windows Server 2012, Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2, Microsoft Windows 10, Microsoft Windows Server 2016, Microsoft Windows Server 2019, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows Server 2022 und Microsoft Windows 11 ausnutzen, um einen Denial-of-Service auszulösen, Informationen offenzulegen, beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen oder seine Privilegien zu erweitern.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0405Multiples vulnérabilités dans Microsoft Windows

e sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29961 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29962 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29963 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29964 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29966 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29967 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29968 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29969 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29970 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29971 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-29974 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-30385 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-30388 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-30394 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-30397 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-30400 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-32701 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-32706 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-32707 du 13 mai 2025 Bulletin de s

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0159Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Microsoft Windows

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om aanvallen uit te voeren die kunnen leiden tot de volgende categorieën schade: - Denial-of-Service (DoS) - Omzeilen van een beveiligingsmaatregel - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (root/adminrechten) - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (gebruikersrechten) - Toegang tot systeemgegevens - Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens - Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten ``` Windows Trusted Runtime Interface Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29829 | 5.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows File Server: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29839 | 4.00 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Remote Desktop: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29966 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29968 | 6.50 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-32709 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Drivers: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29838 | 7.40 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Kernel: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29974 | 5.70 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-24063 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows DWM: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-30400 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Brokering File System: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29970 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Installer: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29837 | 5.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Scripting Engine: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-30397 | 7.50 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Hardware Lab Kit: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-27488 | 6.70 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29959 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29960 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29830 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29832 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29835 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29836 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29958 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-29961 | 6.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Win32K - GRFX: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-30388 | 7.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Role: Windows Hyper-V: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29955 | 6.20 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29971 | 7.50 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows NTFS: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-32707 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Remote Desktop Gateway Service: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29967 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | | CVE-2025-30394 | 5.90 | Denial-of-Service | | CVE-2025-26677 | 7.50 | Denial-of-Service | | CVE-2025-29831 | 7.50 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Universal Print Management Service: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29841 | 7.00 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Media: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29964 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | | CVE-2025-29840 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | | CVE-2025-29962 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | | CVE-2025-29963 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Virtual Machine Bus: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29833 | 7.10 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows SMB: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29956 | 5.40 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Common Log File System Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-32701 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-32706 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-30385 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Secure Kernel Mode: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-27468 | 7.00 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Fundamentals: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29969 | 7.50 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29954 | 5.90 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Deployment Services: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29957 | 6.20 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| UrlMon: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-29842 | 7.50 | Omzeilen van beveiligingsmaatregel | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| ```

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 13 May 2025 · Last source change 13 Feb 2026, 19:20 UTC · CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-14466
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceOther authority
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-29971 · cve.blacktree.nl