BlackTreeIndependent security intelligence

Full vulnerability report · 2025

CVE-2025-29481High confidence

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in libbpf 1.5.0 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the bpf_object__init_prog` function of libbpf

n/a · n/a

6.2MediumCVSS 3.1

Recommended action

Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified

Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu release	Source package	Vendor state	Fixed version	Evidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`libbpf`	Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical record ↗Source updated 8 Sept 2026

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current

CVE-2025-29481 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitylibbpf: Heap Buffer Overflow in libbpf

11 known not affected

The vendor explicitly states that these products are not affected by this CVE.

libbpf-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
libbpf-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
libbpf.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
libbpf-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
libbpf-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
libbpf.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
libbpf-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
libbpf-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
libbpf.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4

Summary: A flaw was found in libbpf. This vulnerability allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted ELF file that triggers a heap buffer overflow.
Remediation: No remediation text is recorded.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current

ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-10438

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state: Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation: Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score: Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence: No linked advisory details stored yet

Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified

What, why and how

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in libbpf 1.5.0 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the bpf_object__init_prog` function of libbpf. This has been disputed by third parties who assert that "no one in their sane mind should be passing untrusted ELF files into libbpf while running under root."

What

Why

The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Why

The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path: local access → Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface: Local
Privileges required: None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary: Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness ? CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.: CWE-120 ↗
CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow'). The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVSS vector ? CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land: After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.

UnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-120Public exploit reference

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-10438Official EUVD mapping

0 linked advisory records.

Official EUVD record

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0326Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-23155 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23160 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23162 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23162 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25184 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25184 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2668 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2668 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27111 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27111 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27558 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27558 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27610 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27610 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29481 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29481 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29934 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29934 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29943 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29943 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30204 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30204 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31133 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32441 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32441 Référence CVE CVE-2025-34034 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-34034 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36001 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0316Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2025-23132 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23133 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23141 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23141 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23155 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23155 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23160 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23162 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23162 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2668 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2668 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27558 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27558 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29481 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29481 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29934 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29934 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29943 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29943 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31133 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31648 Référence CVE CVE-2025-34034 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-34034 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36001 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-36001 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36009 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-36009 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36070 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0886Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits F5

t SPK versions 1.7.x antérieures à 1.7.15 EHF-2 BIG-IP Next SPK versions 2.x antérieures à 2.1.0 EHF-1 NGINX App Protect WAF versions antérieures à 4.7.0 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits F5. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une élévation de privilèges, un déni de service à distance et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité F5 K000156572 du 15 octobre 2025 https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000156572 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29481 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29481 Référence CVE CVE-2025-41430 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-41430 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46706 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46706 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47150 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47150 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48008 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48008 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53474 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53474 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53521 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53521 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53856 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status ? Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.: Fix not verified
Affected: n/a
Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action: No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround: No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.

Evidence and provenance

Published 7 Apr 2025 · Last source change 25 Feb 2026, 07:51 UTC · CWE-120 · Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2

CVSS sourceCISA ADP

EPSS source

The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.

FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14

European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-10438

Product sourceCNA

Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references

CWE sourceCISA ADP

NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

2025-04-07CVE published

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-10438↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗

Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report

CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS: Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS: Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE: Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA: CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD: National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT: A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC: Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF: Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL: Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in libbpf 1.5.0 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the bpf_object__init_prog` function of libbpf

National CERT insights ?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

EUVD-2025-10438

What, why and how

Exploit reality and attack path

Official authority intelligence

Patch and workaround

Evidence and provenance

National CERT insights
?
CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.