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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-27587High confidence

n/a — Covert Timing Channel

n/a · n/a

5.3MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
SSA-089022 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 2 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-089022: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Third-Party Components in SINEC OS before V3.3
16 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00)
  • SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family
  • SCALANCE XCH328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2EC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM324 (6GK5324-8TS01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XCM332 (6GK5332-0GA01-2AC2)
  • SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) (6GK5334-2TS01-2ER3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-3AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-2AR3)
  • SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-2AR3)
Summary
OpenSSL 3.0.0 through 3.3.2 on the PowerPC architecture is vulnerable to a Minerva attack, exploitable by measuring the time of signing of random messages using the EVP_DigestSign API, and then using the private key to extract the K value (nonce) from the signatures. Next, based on the bit size of the extracted nonce, one can compare the signing time of full-sized nonces to signatures that used smaller nonces, via statistical tests. There is a side-channel in the P-364 curve that allows private key extraction (also, there is a dependency between the bit size of K and the size of the side channel). NOTE: This CVE is disputed because the OpenSSL security policy explicitly notes that any side channels which require same physical system to be detected are outside of the threat model for the software. The timing signal is so small that it is infeasible to be detected without having the attacking process running on the same physical system.
Remediation
Update to V3.3 or later version
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-18430

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

OpenSSL 3.0.0 through 3.3.2 on the PowerPC architecture is vulnerable to a Minerva attack, exploitable by measuring the time of signing of random messages using the EVP_DigestSign API, and then using the private key to extract the K value (nonce) from the signatures. Next, based on the bit size of the extracted nonce, one can compare the signing time of full-sized nonces to signatures that used smaller nonces, via statistical tests. There is a side-channel in the P-364 curve that allows private key extraction (also, there is a dependency between the bit size of K and the size of the side channel). NOTE: This CVE is disputed because the OpenSSL security policy explicitly notes that any side channels which require same physical system to be detected are outside of the threat model for the software. The timing signal is so small that it is infeasible to be detected without having the attacking process running on the same physical system.

What

OpenSSL 3.0.0 through 3.3.2 on the PowerPC architecture is vulnerable to a Minerva attack, exploitable by measuring the time of signing of random messages using the EVP_DigestSign API, and then using the private key to extract the K value (nonce) from the signatures. Next, based on the bit size of the extracted nonce, one can compare the signing time of full-sized nonces to signatures that used smaller nonces, via statistical tests. There is a side-channel in the P-364 curve that allows private key extraction (also, there is a dependency between the bit size of K and the size of the side channel). NOTE: This CVE is disputed because the OpenSSL security policy explicitly notes that any side channels which require same physical system to be detected are outside of the threat model for the software. The timing signal is so small that it is infeasible to be detected without having the attacking process running on the same physical system.

Why

Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

OpenSSL 3.0.0 through 3.3.2 on the PowerPC architecture is vulnerable to a Minerva attack, exploitable by measuring the time of signing of random messages using the EVP_DigestSign API, and then using the private key to extract the K value (nonce) from the signatures. Next, based on the bit size of the extracted nonce, one can compare the signing time of full-sized nonces to signatures that used smaller nonces, via statistical tests. There is a side-channel in the P-364 curve that allows private key extraction (also, there is a dependency between the bit size of K and the size of the side channel). NOTE: This CVE is disputed because the OpenSSL security policy explicitly notes that any side channels which require same physical system to be detected are outside of the threat model for the software. The timing signal is so small that it is infeasible to be detected without having the attacking process running on the same physical system.

Why

Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Covert Timing Channel → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-385 ↗

CWE-385: Covert Timing Channel. Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkCWE-385
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-2361Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0218Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-23161 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23163 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23163 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24928 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24970 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24970 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25193 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25193 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25724 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25724 Référence CVE CVE-2025-26519 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-26519 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27113 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27113 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27817 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27817 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27818 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27818 Référence CVE CVE-2025-28162 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-28162 Référence CVE CVE-2025-28164 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-28164 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29480 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29480 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30204 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30204 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30258 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30258 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0101Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens

ve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7264 Référence CVE CVE-2024-8006 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8006 Référence CVE CVE-2024-8096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8096 Référence CVE CVE-2024-9681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9681 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0167 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0167 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0665 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0665 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-10148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-1390 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1390 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32433 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32433 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3360 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3360 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38084 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38084 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38085 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38085 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38086 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38086 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38345 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38345 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38350 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38350 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38498 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1057Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-21978 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21979 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21979 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21986 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21986 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22866 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22866 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24357 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24357 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24928 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25183 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25183 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27113 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27113 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29088 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29088 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29770 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29770 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30165 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30165 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30202 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30202 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32381 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32381 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32414 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32414 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32415 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32415 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-26603 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27113 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27113 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27144 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27144 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27210 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27210 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27219 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27220 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27220 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27221 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27221 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27363 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27363 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27789 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27789 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27817 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27817 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27818 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27818 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2953 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29768 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29768 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29786 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29786 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2998 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2998 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2999 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0864Multiples vulnérabilités dans VMware Tanzu

d?id=CVE-2025-21577 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21579 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21579 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21580 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21580 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21581 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21581 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21584 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21584 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21585 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21585 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22866 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22866 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22871 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22871 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24528 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24528 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29088 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29088 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30681 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30682 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30682 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30683 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30683 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30684 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30684 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30685 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30685 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30687 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30687 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30688 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0756Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-24855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24928 Référence CVE CVE-2025-24970 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24970 Référence CVE CVE-2025-25193 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25193 Référence CVE CVE-2025-26519 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-26519 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27113 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27113 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27144 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27144 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27210 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27210 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27817 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27817 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27818 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27818 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2783 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2783 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2817 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2817 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2857 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29087 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29087 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29088 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29088 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30204 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0330Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Communications producten

OpenSSL versions 3.0.0 to 3.3.2 on PowerPC are vulnerable to a Minerva attack, while Oracle Communications Cloud Native Core Certificate Management 25.1.200 has a critical data access vulnerability, and OpenSSL 3 has addressed timing side channel issues.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00); SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family; SCALANCE XCH328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2EC2); SCALANCE XCM324 (6GK5324-8TS01-2AC2); SCALANCE XCM328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2AC2); SCALANCE XCM332 (6GK5332-0GA01-2AC2); SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) (6GK5334-2TS01-2ER3); SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-3AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-3AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-3AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-2AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-2AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-2AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-4AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-4AR3); SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-4AR3)
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Update to V3.3 or later version
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Jun 2025 · Last source change 26 Jun 2025, 16:17 UTC · CWE-385 · Covert Timing Channel

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-18430
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-18430↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-27587 · cve.blacktree.nl