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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-24985High confidence

Microsoft Windows Fast FAT File System Driver Integer Overflow Vulnerability

Microsoft · Windows

7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-04-01 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-6321

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Fast FAT Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 11 Mar 2025. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
7.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
3 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2025-0078Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Microsoft Windows
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2025-04-01 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Microsoft Windows Fast FAT File System Driver contains an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

What

Microsoft Windows Fast FAT File System Driver contains an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Why

A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Microsoft Windows Fast FAT File System Driver contains an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Why

A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2025-03-11.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Heap-based Buffer Overflow → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-122 ↗

CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow. A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
UnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-122CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-6321Known-exploited evidence recorded

Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Fast FAT Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-0537Microsoft Windows/Windows Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Microsoft Windows Server, Microsoft Windows Server 2012, Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2, Microsoft Windows 10, Microsoft Windows Server 2016, Microsoft Windows Server 2019, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows Server 2022 und Microsoft Windows 11 ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, seine Rechte zu erweitern, zu spoofen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Informationen offenzulegen oder einen Denial of Service auszulösen .

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0193Multiples vulnérabilités dans Microsoft Windows

é Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24064 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24066 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24067 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24071 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24072 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24076 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24084 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24983 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24984 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24985 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24987 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24988 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24991 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24992 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24993 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24994 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24995 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24996 du 11 mars 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft Windows CVE-2025-24997 du 11 mars 2025 Bul

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0078Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Microsoft Windows

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om aanvallen uit te voeren die kunnen leiden tot de volgende categorieën schade: - Denial-of-Service (DoS) - Omzeilen van beveiligingsmaatregel - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (root/adminrechten) - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (Gebruikersrechten) - Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten - Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens - Voordoen als andere gebruiker Van de kwetsbaarheden met kenmerk CVE-2025-24983, CVE-2025-24984, CVE-2025-24985, CVE-2025-24991, CVE-2025-24993 en CVE-2025-26633 geeft Microsoft aan informatie te hebben dat deze eerder actief zijn misbruikt als Zeroday. Er is geen publieke Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of exploitcode bekend. De kwetsbaarheden zijn uitsluitend lokaal te misbruiken. Grootschalig actief misbruik wordt hierdoor niet waarschijnlijk geacht. ``` Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24066 | 8.40 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Remote Desktop Client: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-26645 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24995 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows USB Video Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24987 | 6.60 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24988 | 6.60 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24055 | 4.30 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24051 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Role: DNS Server: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24064 | 8.10 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Management Console: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-26633 | 7.00 | Omzeilen van beveiligingsmaatregel | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows exFAT File System: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-21180 | 7.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Cross Device Service: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24076 | 7.30 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24994 | 7.30 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Fast FAT Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24985 | 7.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Windows: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2024-9157 | onb. | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-25008 | 7.10 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Mark of the Web (MOTW): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24061 | 7.80 | Omzeilen van beveiligingsmaatregel | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24044 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24983 | 7.00 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Kernel Memory: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24997 | 4.40 | Denial-of-Service | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Local Security Authority Server (lsasrv): |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24072 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Microsoft Streaming Service: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24046 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24067 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Telephony Server: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24056 | 8.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows NTLM: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24996 | 6.50 | Voordoen als andere gebruiker | | CVE-2025-24054 | 6.50 | Voordoen als andere gebruiker | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows MapUrlToZone: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-21247 | 4.30 | Omzeilen van beveiligingsmaatregel | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Common Log File System Driver: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24059 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Hyper-V: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24048 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | | CVE-2025-24050 | 7.80 | Verkrijgen van verhoogde rechten | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Remote Desktop Services: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24035 | 8.10 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | | CVE-2025-24045 | 8.10 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows Subsystem for Linux: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24084 | 8.40 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows File Explorer: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24071 | 7.50 | Voordoen als andere gebruiker | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| Windows NTFS: |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-ID | CVSS | Impact | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| | CVE-2025-24984 | 4.60 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-24991 | 5.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-24992 | 5.50 | Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens | | CVE-2025-24993 | 7.80 | Uitvoeren van willekeurige code | |----------------|------|-------------------------------------| ```

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
10.0.10240.0 < 10.0.10240.20947; 10.0.14393.0 < 10.0.14393.7876; 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.7009; 10.0.19044.0 < 10.0.19044.5608; 10.0.19045.0 < 10.0.19045.5608; 10.0.22621.0 < 10.0.22621.5039; 10.0.22631.0 < 10.0.22631.5039
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
A mitigation or workaround reference is available from the source linked below; validate it against the affected product and version.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 11 Mar 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 19:09 UTC · CWE-122 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-6321
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceOther authority
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →
  1. BlackTree coverageBlackTree article coverage changed from no BlackTree article to 1 BlackTree article.
    Before
    no BlackTree article
    After
    1 BlackTree article
    BlackTree editorial ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-6321↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Mitigation reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-24985 · cve.blacktree.nl