Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
- EPSS is 24.00% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-23120High confidence
A vulnerability allowing remote code execution (RCE) for domain users
Veeam · Backup and Recovery
Official source article: Veeam KB4724 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.
8.8HighCVSS 3.1
Within 7 days
Patch availableHigh technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 20 Mar 2025
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Veeam Backup and Recovery and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
Patch available01
What, why and how
A vulnerability allowing remote code execution (RCE) for domain users.
What
A vulnerability allowing remote code execution (RCE) for domain users.
Why
Attacker-influenced serialised data is reconstructed as trusted objects, which can invoke dangerous application behaviour.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.
What
A vulnerability allowing remote code execution (RCE) for domain users.
Why
Attacker-influenced serialised data is reconstructed as trusted objects, which can invoke dangerous application behaviour.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material Reference recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Deserialization of Untrusted Data → execute code or commands in the affected security context
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low: a basic authenticated account is required
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-502 ↗
CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data. The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Patch available
- Affected
- Backup and Recovery: 12.3 ≤ 12.3
- Fixed
- For deployments operating of Veeam Backup & Replication lower than 12.3.0.310, please upgrade directly to version 12.3.1.
- For existing deployments of Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 (build 12.3.0.310), a hotfix to resolve this vulnerability has been developed and is intended for customers who cannot immediately update to version 12.3.1.
- Note: This hotfix can only be installed if Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 has no other hotfixes installed, as it may overwrite earlier hotfixes. If other hotfixes for version 12.3 have been installed, the deployment must be updated to 12.3.1.
- This hotfix is only compatible with Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 (build 12.3.0.310).
- Upgrading to Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1 is the recommended way to mitigate this vulnerability. Please click the link above to review the Release Information for Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1, download links for the upgrade and update ISOs are provided in the above-linked KB article.
- Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1 (build 12.3.1.1139)
- Vulnerability Hotfix for Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3
- download hotfix for 12.3
- Action
- Apply the fixed release for the affected product branch as recorded by Veeam. Validate the exact product and build in the linked advisory before deployment.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
Official vendor articles1 stored document
Linked articles are downloaded and versioned as source evidence. A CVE mention or approved update relationship does not, by itself, verify a fix for every product branch.
- KB4724: CVE-2025-23120 →Original publisher ↗Searchable text snapshot · Captured 29 Sep 2026Secure Cloud Storage Fully-managed cloud storage for offsite backup, cloud DR, clean room and more What We Protect Microsoft 365 Entra ID Salesforce Azure Kubernetes Google Cloud AWS Hypervisors On-Premises All Workloads Solutions Solutions Use Cases & Capabilities Ransomware Recovery Workload Mobility
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 20 Mar 2025 · Last source change 20 Mar 2025, 16:13 UTC · CWE-502 · Deserialization of Untrusted Data
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-7177
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Veeam ↗
- Before
- 12.3 ≤ 12.3 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- After
- 12.3 ≤ 12.3 · Fixed: For deployments operating of Veeam Backup & Replication lower than 12.3.0.310, please upgrade directly to version 12.3.1.; For existing deployments of Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 (build 12.3.0.310), a hotfix to resolve this vulnerability has been developed and is intended for customers who cannot immediately update to version 12.3.1.; Note: This hotfix can only be installed if Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 has no other hotfixes installed, as it may overwrite earlier hotfixes. If other hotfixes for version 12.3 have been installed, the deployment must be updated to 12.3.1.; This hotfix is only compatible with Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3 (build 12.3.0.310).; Upgrading to Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1 is the recommended way to mitigate this vulnerability. Please click the link above to review the Release Information for Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1, download links for the upgrade and update ISOs are provided in the above-linked KB article.; Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1 (build 12.3.1.1139); Vulnerability Hotfix for Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3; download hotfix for 12.3
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.Veeam ↗
- Before
- Awaiting fix
- After
- Patch available
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.