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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-23114High confidence

A vulnerability in Veeam Updater component allows Man-in-the-Middle attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected server

Veeam · Backup for AWS

Official source article: Veeam KB4712 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

9.0CriticalCVSS 3.0
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.64% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Veeam Backup for AWS and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-3128

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A vulnerability in Veeam Updater component allows Man-in-the-Middle attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected server. This issue occurs due to a failure to properly validate TLS certificate.

What

A vulnerability in Veeam Updater component allows Man-in-the-Middle attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected server. This issue occurs due to a failure to properly validate TLS certificate.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

A vulnerability in Veeam Updater component allows Man-in-the-Middle attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected server. This issue occurs due to a failure to properly validate TLS certificate.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Certificate Validation → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-295 ↗

CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation. The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkUnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-295
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250206Security Bulletin 6 Feb 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 6 Feb 2025, published on 6 February 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0094Vulnérabilité dans les produits Veeam

Une vulnérabilité a été découverte dans les produits Veeam. Elle permet à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0060Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in Veeam

De kwetsbaarheid bevindt zich in de wijze waarop de Veeam Updater component TLS-certificaten valideert. Onvoldoende validatie kan Man-in-the-Middle aanvallers in staat stellen om willekeurige code uit te voeren op de getroffen servers. Dit kan leiden tot ongeautoriseerde toegang en manipulatie van serveroperaties.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Apply the fixed release for the affected product branch as recorded by Veeam. Validate the exact product and build in the linked advisory before deployment.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 5 Feb 2025 · Last source change 13 Mar 2025, 18:23 UTC · CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-3128
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    7.0 ≤ 7.0; 6.0 ≤ 6.0; 5.0 ≤ 5.0; 5.1 ≤ 5.1; 4.1 ≤ 4.1; 3.1 ≤ 3.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    7.0 ≤ 7.0; 6.0 ≤ 6.0; 5.0 ≤ 5.0; 5.1 ≤ 5.1; 4.1 ≤ 4.1; 3.1 ≤ 3.1 · Fixed: Application: Veeam.Updater, Version= 11.0.0.754, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null; In this example the Veeam Updater build is less than the fixed build (9.0.0.1127) and would indicate that the Veeam Backup for Oracle Linux Virtualization Manager and Red Hat Virtualization backup appliance needs to be updated.; MM.DD.YYYY HH:MM:SS [info ] ### [###] Main.main: Version: 9.0.0.1087; Release version: 11.0.0.754; The vulnerability was resolved in Veeam Updater component version 9.0.0.1124.; The vulnerability was resolved in Veeam Updater component version 9.0.0.1125.; The vulnerability was resolved in Veeam Updater component version 9.0.0.1126.; The vulnerability was resolved in Veeam Updater component version 9.0.0.1127.; The vulnerability was resolved in Veeam Updater component version 9.0.0.1128.
    Veeam ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    Veeam ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-3128↗CVE authority or vendor reference · Veeam KB4712↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-23114 · cve.blacktree.nl