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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-23048High confidence

Apache HTTP Server: mod_ssl access control bypass with session resumption

Apache Software Foundation · Apache HTTP Server

9.1CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 1.03% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apache Software Foundation Apache HTTP Server and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

8 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · mainapache2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.2.4.64-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · mainapache2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.2.4.64-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · mainapache2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.2.4.64-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourceapache2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.4.64-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourceapache2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.4.65-1~deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourceapache2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.4.64-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourceapache2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.4.64-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveapache2Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.2.4.58-1ubuntu8.7Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-23048 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityhttpd: mod_ssl: access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption
764 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-debuginfo-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-devel-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-manual-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.noarch as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-selinux-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-httpd-tools-0:2.4.62-8.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_http2-debuginfo-0:2.0.29-5.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_jk-0:1.2.50-9.redhat_1.el7jbcs.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
  • jbcs-httpd24-mod_jk-ap24-0:1.2.50-9.redhat_1.el7jbcs.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services on RHEL 7 Server
Summary
An access control bypass vulnerability was found in Apache httpd. The Apache HTTP Server with some mod_ssl configurations can bypass the access controls by trusted clients using TLS 1.3 session resumption. A client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled on either host.
Remediation
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-21018

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server 2.4.35 through to 2.4.63, an access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption. Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of trusted client certificates (for example with a different SSLCACertificateFile/Path setting). In such a case, a client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another virtual host, if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled in either virtual host.

What

In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server 2.4.35 through to 2.4.63, an access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption. Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of trusted client certificates (for example with a different SSLCACertificateFile/Path setting). In such a case, a client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another virtual host, if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled in either virtual host.

Why

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server 2.4.35 through to 2.4.63, an access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption. Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of trusted client certificates (for example with a different SSLCACertificateFile/Path setting). In such a case, a client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another virtual host, if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled in either virtual host.

Why

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

CISA Vulnrichment records proof-of-concept exploitation in its SSVC data. BlackTree has not independently executed or validated exploit material.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Access Control → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-284 ↗

CWE-284: Improper Access Control. The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-284Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-0162Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1529Apache HTTP Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apache HTTP Server ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, um Informationen offenzulegen, und um Dateien zu manipulieren.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1850Xerox FreeFlow Print Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen nicht spezifizierten Angriff

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Xerox FreeFlow Print Server ausnutzen, um einen nicht näher spezifizierten Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250716Security Bulletin 16 Jul 2025 [922 KB]

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 16 Jul 2025 [922 KB], published on 16 July 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0162Multiples vulnérabilités dans Juniper Networks Secure Analytics

-in-7-5-0-UP14-IF01 Référence CVE CVE-2020-16971 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-16971 Référence CVE CVE-2022-49985 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-49985 Référence CVE CVE-2022-50087 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-50087 Référence CVE CVE-2023-53125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53125 Référence CVE CVE-2023-53373 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53373 Référence CVE CVE-2024-47252 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47252 Référence CVE CVE-2024-47619 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47619 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22026 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22026 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23048 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23048 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32990 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32990 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37797 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37797 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38350 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38350 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38352 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38352 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38392 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38392 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38449 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38449 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38461 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1065Multiples vulnérabilités dans NetApp ONTAP

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans NetApp ONTAP. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0751Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2025-21577 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21579 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21579 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21580 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21580 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21581 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21581 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21584 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21584 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21585 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21585 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21588 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21588 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22868 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22868 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22874 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22874 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23048 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23048 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23165 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23165 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23166 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23166 Référence CVE CVE-2025-23167 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23167 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27209 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27209 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30204 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30204 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30399 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30399 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30681 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30682 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0740Multiples vulnérabilités dans Tenable Security Center

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Tenable Security Center. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0586Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apache HTTP Server

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Apache HTTP Server. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-010191Apache Software Foundation の Apache HTTP Server におけるアクセス制御に関する脆弱性

Apache Software Foundation の Apache HTTP Server には、アクセス制御に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-003911Cosminexus HTTP Serverにおける脆弱性

Cosminexus HTTP Serverに下記の脆弱性が存在します。 CVE-2025-23048 SSL機能を使用していない場合は，本脆弱性は発生しません。

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0027Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Fusion Middleware

Multiple vulnerabilities in Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.35 to 2.4.63 and Oracle HTTP Server allow unauthorized access, data modification, and denial of service, particularly through TLS session resumption and other exploit vectors.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Apache HTTP Server: 2.4.35 ≤ 2.4.63
Fixed
Action
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 10 Jul 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 17:50 UTC · CWE-284 · Improper Access Control

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-21018
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    2.4.35 ≤ 2.4.63 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    2.4.35 ≤ 2.4.63 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-21018↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-23048 · cve.blacktree.nl