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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-21729High confidence

wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion

Linux · Linux

7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 22 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Medium, lowered one band.downgradedsince 5 Aug 2026

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.20% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Linux Linux and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 22 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

25 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 22 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.6.12.13-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcelinuxAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.6.12.13-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.6.12.13-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinuxAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-awsAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azureAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-fdeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-nvidiaAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gcpAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gkeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gkeopAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-ibmAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-intelAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-lowlatencyAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidiaAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidia-lowlatencyAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-nvidia-tegraAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oem-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-oracleAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspiAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspi-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-riscvAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-xilinxAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-5218

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 22 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion The rtwdev->scanning flag isn't protected by mutex originally, so cancel_hw_scan can pass the condition, but suddenly hw_scan completion unset the flag and calls ieee80211_scan_completed() that will free local->hw_scan_req. Then, cancel_hw_scan raises null-ptr-deref and use-after-free. Fix it by moving the check condition to where protected by mutex. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000088-0x000000000000008f] CPU: 2 PID: 6922 Comm: kworker/2:2 Tainted: G OE Hardware name: LENOVO 2356AD1/2356AD1, BIOS G7ETB6WW (2.76 ) 09/10/2019 Workqueue: events cfg80211_conn_work [cfg80211] RIP: 0010:rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] Code: 00 45 89 6c 24 1c 0f 85 23 01 00 00 48 8b 85 20 ff ff ff 48 8d RSP: 0018:ffff88811fd9f068 EFLAGS: 00010206 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffff88811fd9f258 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000011 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000089 RBP: ffff88811fd9f170 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff88811fd9f108 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88810e47f960 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000ffff R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881d6f00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007531dfca55b0 CR3: 00000001be296004 CR4: 00000000001706e0 Call Trace: <TASK> ? show_regs+0x61/0x73 ? __die_body+0x20/0x73 ? die_addr+0x4f/0x7b ? exc_general_protection+0x191/0x1db ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x27/0x30 ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x458/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? __pfx_rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0xb5e/0xbf7 [rtw89_core] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x40c/0x471 ? __pfx_rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13/0x1f ? mutex_lock+0xa2/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_abort+0x58/0xb7 [rtw89_core] rtw89_ops_cancel_hw_scan+0x120/0x13b [rtw89_core] ieee80211_scan_cancel+0x468/0x4d0 [mac80211] ieee80211_prep_connection+0x858/0x899 [mac80211] ieee80211_mgd_auth+0xbea/0xdde [mac80211] ? __pfx_ieee80211_mgd_auth+0x10/0x10 [mac80211] ? cfg80211_find_elem+0x15/0x29 [cfg80211] ? is_bss+0x1b7/0x1d7 [cfg80211] ieee80211_auth+0x18/0x27 [mac80211] cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x3bb/0x3e7 [cfg80211] cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x410/0xb81 [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x22 ? mutex_lock+0x8e/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx___radix_tree_lookup+0x10/0x10 cfg80211_conn_work+0x245/0x34d [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? update_cfs_rq_load_avg+0x3bc/0x3d7 ? sched_clock_noinstr+0x9/0x1a ? sched_clock+0x10/0x24 ? sched_clock_cpu+0x7e/0x42e ? newidle_balance+0x796/0x937 ? __pfx_sched_clock_cpu+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_newidle_balance+0x10/0x10 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock+0x47/0x54 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq+0x9/0x1f ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x347/0x586 ? __schedule+0x27bf/0x2892 ? mutex_unlock+0x80/0xd0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx___schedule+0x10/0x10 process_scheduled_works+0x58c/0x821 worker_thread+0x4c7/0x586 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f kthread+0x285/0x294 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x29/0x6f ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK>

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion The rtwdev->scanning flag isn't protected by mutex originally, so cancel_hw_scan can pass the condition, but suddenly hw_scan completion unset the flag and calls ieee80211_scan_completed() that will free local->hw_scan_req. Then, cancel_hw_scan raises null-ptr-deref and use-after-free. Fix it by moving the check condition to where protected by mutex. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000088-0x000000000000008f] CPU: 2 PID: 6922 Comm: kworker/2:2 Tainted: G OE Hardware name: LENOVO 2356AD1/2356AD1, BIOS G7ETB6WW (2.76 ) 09/10/2019 Workqueue: events cfg80211_conn_work [cfg80211] RIP: 0010:rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] Code: 00 45 89 6c 24 1c 0f 85 23 01 00 00 48 8b 85 20 ff ff ff 48 8d RSP: 0018:ffff88811fd9f068 EFLAGS: 00010206 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffff88811fd9f258 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000011 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000089 RBP: ffff88811fd9f170 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff88811fd9f108 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88810e47f960 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000ffff R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881d6f00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007531dfca55b0 CR3: 00000001be296004 CR4: 00000000001706e0 Call Trace: <TASK> ? show_regs+0x61/0x73 ? __die_body+0x20/0x73 ? die_addr+0x4f/0x7b ? exc_general_protection+0x191/0x1db ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x27/0x30 ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x458/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? __pfx_rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0xb5e/0xbf7 [rtw89_core] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x40c/0x471 ? __pfx_rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13/0x1f ? mutex_lock+0xa2/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_abort+0x58/0xb7 [rtw89_core] rtw89_ops_cancel_hw_scan+0x120/0x13b [rtw89_core] ieee80211_scan_cancel+0x468/0x4d0 [mac80211] ieee80211_prep_connection+0x858/0x899 [mac80211] ieee80211_mgd_auth+0xbea/0xdde [mac80211] ? __pfx_ieee80211_mgd_auth+0x10/0x10 [mac80211] ? cfg80211_find_elem+0x15/0x29 [cfg80211] ? is_bss+0x1b7/0x1d7 [cfg80211] ieee80211_auth+0x18/0x27 [mac80211] cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x3bb/0x3e7 [cfg80211] cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x410/0xb81 [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x22 ? mutex_lock+0x8e/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx___radix_tree_lookup+0x10/0x10 cfg80211_conn_work+0x245/0x34d [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? update_cfs_rq_load_avg+0x3bc/0x3d7 ? sched_clock_noinstr+0x9/0x1a ? sched_clock+0x10/0x24 ? sched_clock_cpu+0x7e/0x42e ? newidle_balance+0x796/0x937 ? __pfx_sched_clock_cpu+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_newidle_balance+0x10/0x10 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock+0x47/0x54 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq+0x9/0x1f ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x347/0x586 ? __schedule+0x27bf/0x2892 ? mutex_unlock+0x80/0xd0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx___schedule+0x10/0x10 process_scheduled_works+0x58c/0x821 worker_thread+0x4c7/0x586 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f kthread+0x285/0x294 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x29/0x6f ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK>

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion The rtwdev->scanning flag isn't protected by mutex originally, so cancel_hw_scan can pass the condition, but suddenly hw_scan completion unset the flag and calls ieee80211_scan_completed() that will free local->hw_scan_req. Then, cancel_hw_scan raises null-ptr-deref and use-after-free. Fix it by moving the check condition to where protected by mutex. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000088-0x000000000000008f] CPU: 2 PID: 6922 Comm: kworker/2:2 Tainted: G OE Hardware name: LENOVO 2356AD1/2356AD1, BIOS G7ETB6WW (2.76 ) 09/10/2019 Workqueue: events cfg80211_conn_work [cfg80211] RIP: 0010:rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] Code: 00 45 89 6c 24 1c 0f 85 23 01 00 00 48 8b 85 20 ff ff ff 48 8d RSP: 0018:ffff88811fd9f068 EFLAGS: 00010206 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffff88811fd9f258 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000011 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000089 RBP: ffff88811fd9f170 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff88811fd9f108 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88810e47f960 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000ffff R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881d6f00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007531dfca55b0 CR3: 00000001be296004 CR4: 00000000001706e0 Call Trace: <TASK> ? show_regs+0x61/0x73 ? __die_body+0x20/0x73 ? die_addr+0x4f/0x7b ? exc_general_protection+0x191/0x1db ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x27/0x30 ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x458/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? __pfx_rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0xb5e/0xbf7 [rtw89_core] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x40c/0x471 ? __pfx_rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13/0x1f ? mutex_lock+0xa2/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_abort+0x58/0xb7 [rtw89_core] rtw89_ops_cancel_hw_scan+0x120/0x13b [rtw89_core] ieee80211_scan_cancel+0x468/0x4d0 [mac80211] ieee80211_prep_connection+0x858/0x899 [mac80211] ieee80211_mgd_auth+0xbea/0xdde [mac80211] ? __pfx_ieee80211_mgd_auth+0x10/0x10 [mac80211] ? cfg80211_find_elem+0x15/0x29 [cfg80211] ? is_bss+0x1b7/0x1d7 [cfg80211] ieee80211_auth+0x18/0x27 [mac80211] cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x3bb/0x3e7 [cfg80211] cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x410/0xb81 [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x22 ? mutex_lock+0x8e/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx___radix_tree_lookup+0x10/0x10 cfg80211_conn_work+0x245/0x34d [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? update_cfs_rq_load_avg+0x3bc/0x3d7 ? sched_clock_noinstr+0x9/0x1a ? sched_clock+0x10/0x24 ? sched_clock_cpu+0x7e/0x42e ? newidle_balance+0x796/0x937 ? __pfx_sched_clock_cpu+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_newidle_balance+0x10/0x10 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock+0x47/0x54 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq+0x9/0x1f ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x347/0x586 ? __schedule+0x27bf/0x2892 ? mutex_unlock+0x80/0xd0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx___schedule+0x10/0x10 process_scheduled_works+0x58c/0x821 worker_thread+0x4c7/0x586 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f kthread+0x285/0x294 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x29/0x6f ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK>

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Use After Free → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-416 ↗

CWE-416: Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-416
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-2253IBM Security Verify Access: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM Security Verify Access ausnutzen, um erweiterte Berechtigungen zu erlangen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren, sensible Informationen offenzulegen und andere, nicht näher bezeichnete Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0453Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen im Linux Kernel ausnutzen um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250305Security Bulletin 5 March 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 5 March 2025, published on 5 March 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0058Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2023-53034 Référence CVE CVE-2024-47691 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47691 Référence CVE CVE-2024-49935 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-49935 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50067 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50067 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50095 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50095 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50196 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50196 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53090 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53090 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53218 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58092 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58092 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22018 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22018 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22019 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22019 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22020 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22020 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22021 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22021 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22027 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22027 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22028 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1135Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2024-53217 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53218 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56664 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56664 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56767 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56767 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58083 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58092 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58092 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21715 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21715 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21722 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21722 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21727 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21761 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21761 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21791 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21811 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21811 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22018 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22018 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22019 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22019 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22020 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22020 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22021 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1106Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2022-49026 Référence CVE CVE-2022-49390 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-49390 Référence CVE CVE-2024-47691 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47691 Référence CVE CVE-2024-49935 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-49935 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50067 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50067 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50095 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50095 Référence CVE CVE-2024-50196 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50196 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53090 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53090 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53218 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37958 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37958 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38227 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38227 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38616 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38616 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38666 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38666 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38678 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38678 Référence CVE CVE-2025-39946 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39946 Référence CVE CVE-2025-39964 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1075Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2024-53090 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53112 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53112 Référence CVE CVE-2024-53217 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53217 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56596 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56596 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56664 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56664 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58083 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21715 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21715 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21722 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21722 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21727 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21761 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21761 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21791 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21811 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21811 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21855 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37838 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37838 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37925 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37925 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37958 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37958 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37968 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1050Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

é Ubuntu USN-7889-1 du 25 novembre 2025 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7889-1 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7879-3 du 26 novembre 2025 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7879-3 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7889-2 du 26 novembre 2025 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7889-2 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7889-3 du 26 novembre 2025 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7889-3 Référence CVE CVE-2023-53034 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53034 Référence CVE CVE-2024-36331 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-36331 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58092 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58092 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22018 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22018 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22019 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22019 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22020 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22020 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22021 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22021 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22025 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22025 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22027 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22027 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22028 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22028 Référence CVE CVE-2025-22033 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0529Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2025-21693 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21696 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21696 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21701 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21702 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21702 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21703 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21703 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21704 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21704 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21706 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21706 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21707 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21707 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21717 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21717 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21739 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21739 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21753 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21753 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21755 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21758 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21759 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21759 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21760 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21760 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21761 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21761 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21762 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0509Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2025-21716 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21718 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21718 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21719 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21719 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21723 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21723 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21724 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21724 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21726 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21726 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21727 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21728 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21728 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21731 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21731 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21732 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21732 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21733 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21733 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21734 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21735 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21735 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21736 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21736 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21738 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21738 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21739 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0465Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2024-58088 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58093 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58093 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58094 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58094 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58095 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58095 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58096 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58097 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58097 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21683 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21683 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21696 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21696 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21707 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21707 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21755 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21758 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21768 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21768 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21792 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21792 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21806 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21808 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21808 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21812 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21812 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21833 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0449Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2024-58094 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58095 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58095 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58096 Référence CVE CVE-2024-58097 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58097 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21635 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21635 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21683 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21683 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21696 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21696 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21707 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21707 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21726 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21726 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21729 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21735 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21735 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21750 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21750 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21755 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21758 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21764 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21764 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21768 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21768 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21772 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21779 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-002560Linux の Linux Kernel における解放済みメモリの使用に関する脆弱性

Linux の Linux Kernel には、解放済みメモリの使用に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Linux: 895907779752606f6a4795abfc008509f8e38314 < 2403cb3c235d5e339b580cc3a825493769fadca8, 895907779752606f6a4795abfc008509f8e38314 < 5afcd6fcd1e1c1fd6bcc9a360c121d10eddade67, 895907779752606f6a4795abfc008509f8e38314 < ba4bb0402c60e945c4c396c51f0acac3c3e3ea5c, 5.18
Fixed
Linux: < 5.18, 6.12.13 ≤ 6.12.*, 6.13.2 ≤ 6.13.*, 6.14 ≤ *
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 27 Feb 2025 · Last source change 5 Aug 2026, 11:54 UTC · CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-5218
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-5218↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-21729 · cve.blacktree.nl