BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-21593High confidence

Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: On SRv6 enabled devices, an attacker sending a malformed BGP update can cause the rpd to crash

Juniper Networks · Junos OS

7.1HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.24% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Juniper Networks Junos OS and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-2562

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

An Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). On devices with SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) enabled, an attacker can send a malformed BGP UPDATE packet which will cause the rpd to crash and restart. Continued receipt of these UPDATE packets will cause a sustained DoS condition.  This issue affects iBGP and eBGP, and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability.This issue affects Junos OS:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S5,  * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S4,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S3,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S2,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2; and Junos OS Evolved:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9-EVO,  * from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S10-EVO,  * from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO,  * from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO,  * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S3-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO,  * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-EVO.

What

An Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). On devices with SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) enabled, an attacker can send a malformed BGP UPDATE packet which will cause the rpd to crash and restart. Continued receipt of these UPDATE packets will cause a sustained DoS condition.  This issue affects iBGP and eBGP, and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability.This issue affects Junos OS:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S5,  * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S4,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S3,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S2,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2; and Junos OS Evolved:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9-EVO,  * from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S10-EVO,  * from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO,  * from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO,  * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S3-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO,  * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-EVO.

Why

The product does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.

How

An attacker operating through an adjacent network may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

An Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). On devices with SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) enabled, an attacker can send a malformed BGP UPDATE packet which will cause the rpd to crash and restart. Continued receipt of these UPDATE packets will cause a sustained DoS condition.  This issue affects iBGP and eBGP, and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability.This issue affects Junos OS:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S5,  * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S4,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S3,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S2,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2; and Junos OS Evolved:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9-EVO,  * from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S10-EVO,  * from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO,  * from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO,  * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S3-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO,  * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-EVO.

Why

The product does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.

How

An attacker operating through an adjacent network may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
an adjacent network → Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Adjacent
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-664 ↗

CWE-664: Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime. The product does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:A

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVAdjacentAttack vector: The attacker must be on an adjacent or logically close network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VAHighVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
UnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-664
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0031Juniper JUNOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service und Informationsoffenlegung

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Juniper JUNOS ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen und um vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20250115Security Bulletin 15 Jan 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 15 Jan 2025, published on 15 January 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0018Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Juniper Networks

ts Juniper Networks Gestion du document Référence CERTFR-2025-AVI-0018 Titre Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Juniper Networks Date de la première version 09 janvier 2025 Date de la dernière version 09 janvier 2025 Source(s) Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks 2025-01-Security-Bulletin-Junos-OS-and-Junos-OS-Evolved-Multiple-vulnerabilities-resolved-in-OpenSSH du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks 2025-01-Security-Bulletin-Junos-Space-Multiple-vulnerabilities-resolved-in-24-1R2-release du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21592 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21593 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21596 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21598 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21599 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21600 du 08 janvier 2025 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks CVE-2025-21602 du 08 janvier 2025 Une gestion de version détaillée se trouve à la fin de ce document. Risques Atteinte à l'intégrité des données Atteinte à la confidentialité des données Contournement de la politique de sécurité Déni de service à distance Exécution de code arbitraire à distance Non spéc

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-025426ジュニパーネットワークスのJunos OS等の複数製品におけるライフタイムを通してのリソース制御に関する脆弱性

Juniper Networks Junos OSおよびJunos OS Evolvedのルーティングプロトコルデーモン(rpd)におけるリソースのライフタイムに関する不適切な制御の脆弱性により、認証されていないネットワークベースの攻撃者がサービス拒否(DoS)攻撃を引き起こす可能性があります。SRv6(Segment Routing over IPv6)が有効なデバイスにおいて、攻撃者が不正なBGP UPDATEパケットを送信すると、rpdがクラッシュして再起動します。これらのUPDATEパケットを継続的に受信することで、持続的なDoS状態が発生します。この問題はiBGPおよびeBGPに影響し、IPv4およびIPv6の両方が対象となります。この脆弱性は以下のJunos OSのバージョンに影響します。・21.2R3-S9より前のすべてのバージョン・21.4から21.4R3-S10までのバージョン未満・22.2から22.2R3-S5までのバージョン未満・22.3から22.3R3-S4までのバージョン未満・22.4から22.4R3-S3までのバージョン未満・23.2から23.2R2-S2までのバージョン未満・23.4から23.4R2までのバージョン未満およびJunos OS Evolvedの以下のバージョンに影響します。・21.2R3-S9-EVOより前のすべてのバージョン・21.4-EVOから21.4R3-S10-EVOまでのバージョン未満・22.2-EVOから22.2R3-S5-EVOまでのバージョン未満・22.3-EVOから22.3R3-S4-EVOまでのバージョン未満・22.4-EVOから22.4R3-S3-EVOまでのバージョン未満・23.2-EVOから23.2R2-S2-EVOまでのバージョン未満・23.4-EVOから23.4R2-EVOまでのバージョン未満です。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 9 Jan 2025 · Last source change 9 Jan 2025, 19:22 UTC · CWE-664 · Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-2562
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-2562↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-21593 · cve.blacktree.nl